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### The Genitive of Negation

In Polish, if a sentence is positive, the direct object usually takes the **Accusative** case. However, as soon as you make that verb negative by adding **nie** (not), the direct object changes to the **Genitive** case.

This is one of the most important rules in Polish grammar: **Negated objects always take the Genitive case.**

Let's see how this affects nouns when talking about media and entertainment.

### Feminine Nouns

Feminine nouns ending in **-a** change to **-y** (or **-i** after certain letters like *k* or *j*) in the Genitive case.

- **telewizja** (television) becomes **telewizji**
- **muzyka** (music) becomes **muzyki**
- **gra** (game) becomes **gry**

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### Masculine Nouns

For masculine inanimate nouns, the Genitive ending is usually either **-u** or **-a**. There is no strict rule for which ending a non-living object takes, so it is best to learn them as you meet new words.

For example, **telewizor** (TV set) takes an **-a**:

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However, many other media words take an **-u**, such as **serial** (TV series), **program** (program), **artykuł** (article), and **internet** (internet).

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### Neuter Nouns

Neuter nouns ending in **-o** change to **-a** in the Genitive case.

- **czasopismo** (magazine) becomes **czasopisma**
- **radio** (radio) becomes **radia**

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Genitive of negation

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
television	telewizja
My sister does not watch television.	Moja siostra nie ogląda telewizji.
We do not like television.	Nie lubimy telewizji.
TV set	telewizor
The young student does not have a TV.	Młody student nie ma telewizora.
He does not have a TV in the room.	On nie ma telewizora w pokoju.
TV series	serial
The small child is not watching a TV series.	Małe dziecko nie ogląda serialu.
Do you not like the TV series?	Czy nie lubicie serialu?
program	program
The engineer is not watching the program.	Inżynier nie ogląda programu.
I do not understand the program.	Nie rozumiem programu.
article	artykuł
I am not reading the article.	Nie czytam artykułu.
The old actor is not writing an article.	Stary aktor nie pisze artykułu.
magazine	czasopismo
My mother does not buy the magazine.	Moja matka nie kupuje czasopisma.
Are you not reading the magazine, sir?	Czy pan nie czyta czasopisma?
music	muzyka
I do not like music.	Nie lubię muzyki.
My brother does not hear the music.	Mój brat nie słyszy muzyki.
game	gra
The child does not have a game.	Dziecko nie ma gry.
We are not buying a game.	Nie kupujemy gry.
internet	internet
We do not have internet in the cafe.	Nie mamy internetu w kawiarni.
The cafe does not have internet.	Kawiarnia nie ma internetu.
radio	radio
You do not have a radio in the car, ma'am.	Pani nie ma radia w samochodzie.
They are not buying a radio.	Oni nie kupują radia.