Breakdown of Ogni specialista ha analizzato i parametri, i quali confermano la teoria.
avere
to have
ogni
every
confermare
to confirm
il quale
who, which, whom (also la quale, i quali, le quali)
Questions & Answers about Ogni specialista ha analizzato i parametri, i quali confermano la teoria.
Why use i quali here instead of just che?
Both are grammatically correct. While che is the standard, everyday relative pronoun for subjects and direct objects, i quali is a more formal, stylistic alternative. It explicitly shows the gender and number of the noun it replaces (masculine plural, referring to i parametri). This can help avoid ambiguity in complex sentences, though here it mainly elevates the register to sound more professional or academic.
Why does the verb confermano take the plural form when the first subject ogni specialista is singular?
The sentence has two clauses. The main clause uses the singular verb ha analizzato to agree with ogni specialista. The second clause is introduced by the relative pronoun i quali, which acts as the new subject for the verb confermano. Because i quali replaces the plural noun i parametri, the verb must be in the plural form.
Since specialista ends in -a, is it specifically referring to a female specialist?
Not necessarily. Professions and nouns ending in -ista (like specialista, giornalista, or turista) have the same ending for both masculine and feminine in the singular. Usually, the definite article tells you the gender (lo specialista vs la specialista). Because the adjective ogni is invariable and used for both genders, ogni specialista refers to any specialist, male or female.