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Ho mangiato troppo: lo stomaco è pieno.

Ho mangiato troppo: lo stomaco è pieno.
I ate too much: my stomach is full.
From Lesson 137:Il corpo (the body)·Italian

Questions & Answers about Ho mangiato troppo: lo stomaco è pieno.

Why is it lo stomaco instead of il mio stomaco when the English translation says 'my stomach'?
In Italian, when talking about body parts, you usually use the definite article (like lo, il, or la) rather than a possessive word like mio. Because it is clear from the context that you are the one who ate too much, lo stomaco naturally translates to 'my stomach' in English.
Why do we use lo instead of il before stomaco?
The word stomaco is masculine and starts with an 's' followed by another consonant (the letter 't'). Italian requires the article lo instead of il for masculine words that start with this 's + consonant' combination, just like with the word lo studente.
Could troppo change its ending here, like troppa or troppi?
Not in this sentence! When troppo modifies a verb (like mangiato) to say how much you did an action, it acts as an adverb and always stays exactly as troppo. It only changes endings to match a noun, for example, if you were talking about eating troppi biscotti (too many cookies).
Why use the passato prossimo tense (ho mangiato) instead of the imperfect tense (mangiavo)?
You use the passato prossimo (ho mangiato) because eating too much was a single, completed action that has a direct result right now (your stomach being full). The imperfect (mangiavo) is used for ongoing habits in the past or describing background scenes, like saying 'I was eating'.

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