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L'inquinamento e i rifiuti diminuiranno sulla Terra.

L'inquinamento e i rifiuti diminuiranno sulla Terra.
Pollution and waste will decrease on Earth.
From Lesson 112:The future tense of -ire verbs (-irò)·Italian

Questions & Answers about L'inquinamento e i rifiuti diminuiranno sulla Terra.

How is the future tense formed for diminuire in this sentence?
Diminuire (to decrease) is a regular -ire verb. To form the future tense for "they" (pollution and waste), you take the infinitive, drop the final -e to get the stem diminuir-, and add the "they" ending -anno, giving you diminuiranno.
Why is i rifiuti plural when the English translation just says "waste"?
In English, "waste" or "garbage" is usually an uncountable, singular noun. In Italian, it is countable and almost always pluralized as i rifiuti to refer to the collective rubbish or refuse.
Why does the sentence use sulla instead of just su for "on"?
Sulla is a combined word made by merging the preposition su (on) with the feminine definite article la (the). Italian requires the article here because we are talking about a specific planet, "the Earth" (la Terra).
Why is there an L' before inquinamento if the English translation doesn't say "the pollution"?
When talking about broad categories or general concepts like pollution in Italian, you must use a definite article. Since inquinamento is a masculine noun starting with a vowel, the standard article il becomes l'.

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