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The verb **avere** (to have) is one of the most important verbs in Italian. It is highly irregular, so you will need to memorize its forms.

Notice that in the forms starting with **h**, the **h** is completely silent!

| Pronoun | Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| io | **ho** | I have |
| tu | **hai** | you have |
| lui / lei | **ha** | he / she has |
| noi | **abbiamo** | we have |
| voi | **avete** | you have (plural) |
| loro | **hanno** | they have |

### Possession and relationships

Use **avere** to talk about things you own or relationships you have, just like in English. Remember that subject pronouns (like *io* or *tu*) are often dropped.

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### "Having" feelings and states

In English, you say you *are* hungry, thirsty, afraid, or right. In Italian, you say you *have* hunger (**fame**), thirst (**sete**), fear (**paura**), or reason (**ragione**). 

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### Plural forms and negatives

Let's see the plural forms (**abbiamo**, **avete**, **hanno**) in action. To make a sentence negative, simply place **non** right before the verb.

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The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
to have	avere
problem	il problema
question	la domanda
I have a problem and a question.	Ho un problema e una domanda.
a lot of / much	molto
hunger	la fame
to be hungry	avere fame
I am very hungry.	Ho molta fame.
work / job	il lavoro
Do you have a job?	Hai un lavoro?
thirst	la sete
to be thirsty	avere sete
Are you thirsty?	Hai sete?
reason / right	la ragione
to be right	avere ragione
You are right, the dog is beautiful.	Hai ragione, il cane è bello.
The boy has a problem.	Il ragazzo ha un problema.
son	il figlio
daughter	la figlia
The woman has a son and a daughter.	La donna ha un figlio e una figlia.
The teacher has a question.	L'insegnante ha una domanda.
fear	la paura
We are afraid.	Noi abbiamo paura.
We have a lot of work today.	Abbiamo molto lavoro oggi.
Do you have the keys?	Avete le chiavi?
Are you hungry?	Voi avete fame?
They are right, the restaurant is closed.	Loro hanno ragione, il ristorante è chiuso.
They have a beautiful daughter.	Hanno una bella figlia.
The students are thirsty.	Gli studenti hanno sete.
They are not afraid.	Non hanno paura.
We have a young son.	Abbiamo un figlio giovane.
to have time	avere tempo
The child is very hungry today.	Il bambino ha molta fame oggi.
I'm hungry, but the food is not ready.	Ho fame, ma il cibo non è pronto.
The girl is thirsty: the water is there.	La ragazza ha sete: l'acqua è lì.
Are you thirsty too? Yes, I'm very thirsty.	Anche tu hai sete? Sì, ho molta sete.
You're right: the problem is difficult.	Tu hai ragione: il problema è difficile.
The doctor is right, isn't he?	Il medico ha ragione, vero?
I don't have time today: I have a lot of work.	Non ho tempo oggi: ho molto lavoro.
Do you have time today, or do you have too much work?	Hai tempo oggi o hai troppo lavoro?

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