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In conversational Italian, you can shift an object to the very end of the sentence. This is called "right dislocation," and it is extremely common in spoken Italian for clarifying or confirming what you are talking about without breaking the natural flow of speech.

When you push the object to the end, you must "anticipate" it by placing a matching direct object pronoun (*lo, la, li,* or *le*) immediately before the verb. The explicit noun is then tacked on at the end, often after a slight pause (written as a comma).

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The pronoun you use before the verb must always match the gender and number of the noun at the end of the sentence.

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### Compound Tenses

Just like with standard direct object pronouns, if you are using the *passato prossimo*, the singular pronouns *lo* and *la* drop their vowel and combine with the helper verb *avere* (e.g., *l'ho, l'hai*). 

Remember that the past participle must also agree in gender and number with the anticipated object at the end of the sentence.

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Right dislocation (lo leggo dopo...)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
podcast	il podcast
Do you often listen to that podcast?	Ascolti spesso quel podcast?
I'll listen to it tomorrow, the podcast.	Lo ascolto domani, il podcast.
episode	la puntata
Have you already downloaded it, the last episode?	L'hai già scaricata, l'ultima puntata?
Even if that episode is boring, I listen to it.	Anche se quella puntata è noiosa, la ascolto.
live broadcast	la diretta
Are you following it tonight, the live broadcast?	La segui stasera, la diretta?
The live broadcast starts now.	La diretta inizia adesso.
to broadcast	trasmettere
Are they broadcasting it on the radio, this program?	Lo trasmettono alla radio, questo programma?
They always broadcast good music from our studio.	Trasmettono sempre buona musica dal nostro studio.
presenter	il conduttore
Do you know him well, the new presenter?	Lo conosci bene, il nuovo conduttore?
The presenter speaks too fast.	Il conduttore parla troppo velocemente.
listener	l'ascoltatore
We always thank them, our listeners.	Li ringraziamo sempre, i nostri ascoltatori.
The listener can call in the studio.	L'ascoltatore può telefonare in studio.
channel	il canale
Are you changing it, this channel?	Lo cambi, questo canale?
This channel has many listeners.	Questo canale ha molti ascoltatori.
audio	l'audio
Do you hear it well, the audio?	Lo senti bene, l'audio?
The audio is terrible even if the microphone is new.	L'audio è pessimo anche se il microfono è nuovo.
volume	il volume
Will you turn it up a bit, the volume?	Lo aumenti un po', il volume?
The volume of that podcast is too high.	Il volume di quel podcast è troppo alto.
headphone	la cuffia
Are you bringing them, the headphones?	Le porti tu, le cuffie?
Without the headphones I don't hear the audio.	Senza le cuffie non sento l'audio.
the documentary	il documentario
The channel is broadcasting a documentary about the sea.	Il canale trasmette un documentario sul mare.
Tonight I am watching a very interesting documentary.	Stasera guardo un documentario molto interessante.
the video	il video
I watch a video on my phone.	Guardo un video sul mio telefono.
The video of the episode is on the website.	Il video della puntata è sul sito.

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