Breakdown of Hún hefur ekki farið út í dag.
hún
she
ekki
not
fara
to go
í dag
today
hafa
to have
út
out (motion outwards)
Questions & Answers about Hún hefur ekki farið út í dag.
Why is ekki placed between hefur and farið?
In Icelandic present perfect sentences, the negation ekki (not) goes directly after the helper verb (hefur) and before the main verb (farið). This placement is very similar to the English structure "has not gone".
Since Hún is feminine, why doesn't the verb farið change to match her gender?
When forming the present perfect tense with the auxiliary verb hafa (to have), the main verb always takes the neuter singular form of the past participle (sometimes called the supine). It never changes to match the subject's gender, so it is always farið here.
Why do we use út here instead of úti?
Icelandic has different words for direction versus location. You use út (out) for movement towards a place, and úti (outside) for being located there. Because farið (gone) is a verb of motion, we must use út.
Does í dag always mean "today"?
Yes! While it literally translates to "in day", í dag is the standard, fixed expression for "today" in Icelandic.
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