Breakdown of Þú þarft að sjá um þitt eigin bókhald og öll útgjöldin.
og
and
þú
you
að
to (infinitive marker)
þurfa
to need
þinn
your (m, f, n: þinn, þín, þitt)
allur
all / everything / everyone
sjá um
to take care of, to be in charge of
eigin
own (one's own)
bókhaldið
the accounting
útgjöldin
the expenses
Questions & Answers about Þú þarft að sjá um þitt eigin bókhald og öll útgjöldin.
How does the word eigin work with þitt in this sentence?
The word eigin (own) is an invariable adjective in Icelandic, meaning its spelling never changes regardless of the gender, number, or case of the noun. However, the possessive pronoun before it must still agree with the noun. Since bókhald is neuter, singular, and accusative, we use the matching form þitt.
Why are both þitt eigin bókhald and öll útgjöldin in the accusative case?
They are the direct objects of the phrasal verb sjá um (to take care of or to manage). The preposition um requires the nouns that immediately follow it to be in the accusative case.
Why doesn't bókhald have the definite article, while útgjöldin does?
When you use a possessive pronoun like þitt in front of a noun, the noun itself must remain indefinite (just bókhald, not bókhaldið). In contrast, when using forms of the pronoun allur (all) to mean 'all of the', the following noun usually takes the definite suffix, which gives us útgjöldin.
What is the base word for útgjöldin and why is it plural here?
The base word is the neuter noun útgjald (expense). When discussing finances, it is almost exclusively used in the plural form útgjöld (expenses). In this sentence, it is in the neuter plural accusative form with the definite article -in attached to the end.
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