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Icelandic

To express absence or lack, Icelandic uses the negative indefinite pronoun **enginn** (no one / none). It can stand alone to mean "no one" or "nothing," or it can attach to a noun to mean "no" (as in "no money"). Like an adjective, it changes form to match the gender and case of the noun.

### Nominative (Subjects)

The masculine nominative form is **enginn**. It can act as a standalone subject meaning "no one," or pair with a masculine noun to mean "no."

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The neuter nominative form is **ekkert**. When used on its own, it means "nothing."

{{item:985917}}

### Accusative (Direct Objects)

When the pronoun acts as a direct object, it takes the accusative case:

| Gender | Accusative Form |
|---|---|
| Masculine | **engan** |
| Feminine | **enga** |
| Neuter | **ekkert** |
| Neuter Plural | **engin** |

*(Note that the neuter singular **ekkert** is identical in both the nominative and accusative).* 

**Masculine:**

{{item:985915}}

{{item:985931}}

**Feminine:**

{{item:985928}}

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**Neuter Singular:**

{{item:985920}}

**Neuter Plural:**

Some nouns, like **vandræði** (trouble), are grammatically plural. They pair with the neuter plural form **engin**.

{{item:985937}}

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
no one / nobody / no (m/f)	enginn
Who is at home? No one.	Hver er heima? Enginn.
There is no one outside now.	Það er enginn úti núna.
We see no boy.	Við sjáum engan strák.
nothing / no (neut.)	ekkert
What do you find? Nothing.	Hvað finnur þú? Ekkert.
empty	tómur
The box is empty and we have nothing.	Kassinn er tómur og við höfum ekkert.
The bottle is also empty and I have no water.	Flaskan er líka tóm og ég hef ekkert vatn.
the petrol / the gas	bensínið
Where is the petrol?	Hvar er bensínið?
the money	peningurinn
I have no money and no petrol!	Ég á engan pening og ekkert bensín!
I need the money immediately.	Mig vantar peninginn strax.
the solution	lausnin
This is the problem, what is the solution?	Þetta er vandamálið, hver er lausnin?
The student does not understand and finds no solution.	Nemandinn skilur ekki og finnur enga lausn.
the possibility / the chance	möguleikinn
Do you see any possibility?	Sérð þú einhvern möguleika?
No, we have no possibility.	Nei, við eigum engan möguleika.
the mistake / the error	villan
Does he always make one mistake?	Gerir hann alltaf eina villu?
He makes no mistake now.	Hann gerir enga villu núna.
the trouble	vandræðin
Are we in trouble?	Erum við í vandræðum?
We want no trouble here.	Við viljum engin vandræði hér.
the purpose	tilgangurinn
What is the purpose?	Hver er tilgangurinn?
There is no purpose!	Það er enginn tilgangur!