Ми сперечаємося про музику, проте все одно добре розуміємо одна одну.

Сперечаємося means we argue / we dispute.

It comes from the infinitive сперечатися. The ending -ся is the reflexive marker. With this verb, it gives the idea of people arguing with each other, not just performing an action on something else.

Breakdown:

• спереча- = the verb stem
• -ємо = we in the present tense
• -ся = reflexive/reciprocal marker

So ми сперечаємося = we argue or more literally we are arguing with each other.

Because the preposition про normally takes the accusative case when it means about.

The noun музика is feminine singular:

• nominative: музика
• accusative: музику

So:

• про музику = about music

This is very common in Ukrainian:

• говорити про книжку = to talk about a book
• думати про роботу = to think about work

Проте means however, but, or nevertheless.

In this sentence, it introduces a contrast:

• Ми сперечаємося про музику = we argue about music
• проте... розуміємо одна одну = however / but... we understand each other

Compared with але:

• але = the most common, neutral but
• проте = a bit more formal or literary, often closer to however / nevertheless

So the sentence could also be:

• Ми сперечаємося про музику, але все одно добре розуміємо одна одну.

That would sound natural too.

Here все одно means all the same, anyway, or still.

It does not literally mean everything is one in this context. It is an idiomatic expression.

So:

• проте все одно добре розуміємо одна одну = but we still understand each other well

It emphasizes that the second part remains true despite the disagreement.

You will often hear все одно in sentences like:

• Я все одно піду. = I’ll go anyway.
• Вони все одно залишилися друзями. = They still remained friends.

Because добре is an adverb, and it modifies the verb розуміємо.

• добре = well
• розуміємо = we understand

So:

• добре розуміємо = understand well

An adjective like добрий / добра / добре describes a noun, but here we need a word that describes how the action is done.

Compare:

• добра музика = good music
• добре розуміємо = understand well

Yes. Одна одну means each other / one another, and it is the feminine form.

That means the sentence suggests that the speakers are female.

Because ми by itself does not show gender, the phrase одна одну gives that information.

Compare:

• одна одну = each other, when referring to women
• один одного = each other, when referring to men or a mixed group

So this sentence most naturally means:

• We (two or more women) argue about music, but still understand each other well.

This is a standard Ukrainian reciprocal expression meaning each other.

In this construction:

• the first word shows gender/number: одна
• the second word changes according to the case required by the verb: одну

Here the verb розуміти takes a direct object in the accusative, so we get:

• розуміємо одну → therefore одна одну

A useful way to think of it is:

• одна одну = one another

You can see the case change more clearly in other examples:

• Ми допомагаємо одна одній. = We help each other.
  
  • допомагати takes dative
• Ми пишаємося одна одною. = We are proud of each other.
  
  • пишатися takes instrumental

So in your sentence, одну is there because розуміти takes the accusative object.

Because проте connects two clauses:

• Ми сперечаємося про музику
• проте все одно добре розуміємо одна одну

In Ukrainian, when two independent clauses are joined by a contrastive conjunction such as але, проте, or однак, a comma is normally used.

So the comma here is standard punctuation.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible.

The original sentence is natural and neutral:

• Ми сперечаємося про музику, проте все одно добре розуміємо одна одну.

But other versions are possible, for example:

• Проте ми все одно добре розуміємо одна одну.
• Ми все одно добре розуміємо одна одну, проте сперечаємося про музику.

Changing word order usually changes emphasis, not the core meaning.

The original version puts the disagreement first and then contrasts it with the fact that mutual understanding remains.

Розуміємо is present tense, first person plural:

• ми розуміємо = we understand

The sentence describes a general current situation or repeated reality:

• we argue about music
• but we still understand each other well

So the present tense is the natural choice in both clauses.

The verb comes from розуміти = to understand.

A natural stressed version is:

Ми спереча́ємося про му́зику, проте́ все одно́ до́бре розумі́ємо одна́ одну́.

A few notes:

• спереча́ємося — stress on а
• му́зику — stress on the first syllable
• проте́ — stress on the last syllable
• одно́ in все одно́ carries the main stress of that phrase
• до́бре — stress on the first syllable
• розумі́ємо — stress on і
• одна́ одну́ — each word is stressed on the last syllable

If you want to sound natural, keep the rhythm fairly smooth, with a small pause at the comma.