Дитина стрибає через калюжу, хоча мама просить її йти обережно.

Дитина is the nominative singular form, which is the form used for the subject of the sentence.

Here, дитина is the one doing the action of стрибає (jumps / is jumping), so nominative is required.

A learner-friendly breakdown:

• дитина = child as the subject
• if it were the object, the form might change depending on context

Ukrainian cases are very important, so the ending helps show the role of the word in the sentence.

Стрибає is the 3rd person singular present tense form of стрибати (to jump).

It matches дитина because:

• дитина = the child
• that is a he/she/it type subject grammatically
• so the verb takes the 3rd person singular ending: -є

So:

• я стрибаю = I jump / am jumping
• ти стрибаєш = you jump
• він / вона / дитина стрибає = he / she / the child jumps

In this sentence, it can mean either:

• jumps
• or is jumping

Ukrainian present tense often covers both simple present and present continuous, depending on context.

After the preposition через (across / over / through), Ukrainian normally uses the accusative case.

So:

• dictionary form: калюжа = puddle
• accusative singular: калюжу

That is why the sentence has:

• через калюжу = over/across a puddle

This is very common:

• через дорогу = across the road
• через міст = across the bridge
• через річку = across the river

So the ending change is caused by the preposition через.

In this sentence, через is best understood as over or across.

Because the child is jumping, English naturally says:

• jumping over a puddle

But the core meaning of через is broader and can also be:

• across
• through
• sometimes even because of, in other contexts

Examples:

• через міст = across the bridge
• через ліс = through the forest
• через дощ = because of the rain

So here, the action tells you the best English equivalent is over.

Хоча means although / though / even though.

It introduces a clause that contrasts with the first one:

• Дитина стрибає через калюжу = The child jumps over the puddle
• хоча мама просить її йти обережно = although the mother asks her to walk carefully

So the idea is:

• the child is doing one thing
• even though the mother is asking for something else

Also notice the comma before хоча. In Ukrainian, clauses introduced by conjunctions like хоча are typically separated by a comma.

Because мама is the subject of the second clause:

• мама просить = mother asks

Since мама is doing the asking, it stays in the nominative case.

Compare:

• мама просить = mother asks
• я бачу маму = I see mother

In the second example, маму is the object, so it changes case. But in your sentence, мама is the subject.

Її means her, and here it is the direct object of просить.

So:

• мама просить її... = the mother asks her...

Why not вона? Because вона means she and is a subject form. After просити (to ask), you need the object form.

Compare:

• вона йде = she is walking
• мама просить її = mother asks her

In this sentence, її refers back to дитина.

Yes. This is a very common Ukrainian pattern:

• просити + someone + infinitive

So:

• мама просить її йти обережно literally = mother asks her to go/walk carefully

This works a lot like English:

• I asked him to wait
• Вона просить його зачекати

Structure:

• просить = asks
• її = her
• йти = to go / to walk
• обережно = carefully

So this is a normal and natural construction.

Both йти and іти mean to go / to walk, and both are standard forms.

Йти is very common in modern usage, especially after a vowel or in flowing speech.
Іти is also correct and you will definitely see it.

So:

• йти обережно
• іти обережно

Both mean the same thing here: to walk/go carefully.

This is mostly a matter of form and usage preference, not a change in meaning.

In Ukrainian, йти often covers both:

• to go
• to walk

The exact English translation depends on context.

Here, because the child is near a puddle and the mother is telling the child how to move, English naturally uses:

• walk carefully

So although йти is broader than English walk, in this sentence that is the most natural translation.

This is common in Ukrainian:

• йти додому = go home / walk home
• йти повільно = go slowly / walk slowly

Context tells you which English option sounds best.

Обережно is an adverb, meaning carefully.

It describes how the child should go/walk.

Compare:

• обережний = careful (masculine adjective)
• обережна = careful (feminine adjective)
• обережно = carefully (adverb)

So:

• обережна дитина = a careful child
• йти обережно = to walk carefully

This is a useful pattern in Ukrainian: many adverbs are related to adjectives.

Стрибає comes from стрибати, which is an imperfective verb.

That matters because imperfective verbs are commonly used for:

• ongoing actions
• repeated actions
• general present-tense actions

So дитина стрибає can suggest:

• the child is in the process of jumping
• or the child is jumping as a current action in the scene

A perfective verb normally does not form a regular present tense with present meaning in the same way. In many cases, perfective present forms refer to the future.

So using стрибає is exactly what you expect for a present-time scene.

Because Ukrainian punctuation usually separates clauses in a complex sentence with a comma, especially when a conjunction like хоча introduces a subordinate clause.

So the sentence is divided into:

1. Дитина стрибає через калюжу
2. хоча мама просить її йти обережно

The comma helps show the contrast and the boundary between the two clauses.

This is more obligatory in Ukrainian than it sometimes feels in informal English.

Yes, Ukrainian word order is fairly flexible, though the original version is neutral and natural.

Original:

• Дитина стрибає через калюжу, хоча мама просить її йти обережно.

You could rearrange parts for emphasis, for example:

• Хоча мама просить її йти обережно, дитина стрибає через калюжу.

That puts more focus on the contrast from the start:

• Although her mother asks her to walk carefully, the child jumps over the puddle.

But not every change sounds equally natural, and word order often affects emphasis rather than basic meaning.

So the given sentence is a good standard order for learners.