Ablam Mayıs ayında yazlık ayakkabılarını çıkarıyor, ama yağmur varsa çizme giyiyor.

Ablam means my older sister.

It breaks down as:

• abla = older sister
• -m = my

So Turkish puts the my idea onto the noun itself instead of always using a separate word.

A useful detail: abla specifically means an older sister. If you just want sister more generally, Turkish often uses kız kardeş.

Both can work, but they are slightly different in feel.

• Mayıs'ta = in May
• Mayıs ayında = in the month of May

So Mayıs ayında is a bit more explicit.

Also, ayında comes from:

• ay = month
• ayı = its month / the month
• ayında = in the month

In Mayıs ayında, Mayıs ayı is basically the month of May, and then -nda adds in.

Yazlık means something like for summer, summer-use, or suitable for summer.

It comes from:

• yaz = summer
• -lık / -lik / -luk / -lük = a suffix that often means for, used for, or related to

So:

• yazlık ayakkabı = summer shoes
• kışlık mont = winter coat
• yazlık ev = summer house

Here, yazlık ayakkabılarını means her summer shoes.

Ayakkabılarını can be broken down like this:

• ayakkabı = shoe
• -lar = plural
• -ı = her / his / its
• -nı = accusative marker for a definite direct object

So:

• ayakkabıları = her shoes / his shoes / its shoes
• ayakkabılarını = her shoes as the specific thing being acted on

In this sentence, it means her summer shoes as the object of çıkarıyor.

Because Turkish often shows possession with a suffix instead of a separate word.

So English says:

• her shoes

But Turkish can simply say:

• ayakkabıları = her shoes

If you wanted to say her more explicitly, you could say:

• onun ayakkabıları

But that is often unnecessary if the owner is already clear from context. Since the sentence starts with ablam, Turkish normally does not need to repeat onun.

Çıkarmak can mean several things, and context decides.

Common meanings include:

• to take off
• to remove
• to take out
• to bring out

In this sentence, yazlık ayakkabılarını çıkarıyor most likely means she takes out / brings out her summer shoes, probably from storage when May comes.

If you were talking about shoes on someone's feet, çıkarıyor could mean she is taking them off. But here the seasonal context makes takes out / brings out much more natural.

That is a very common learner question.

The -yor form is often taught first as the present continuous:

• giyiyor = is wearing / is putting on
• çıkarıyor = is taking out / is removing

But in real Turkish, -yor is also very often used for:

• things happening now
• regular habits
• repeated actions
• near-future actions

So here it can describe what she generally does in May or under rainy conditions.

A more textbook-style habitual version might use the aorist:

• çıkarır
• giyer

But çıkarıyor and giyiyor sound very natural in everyday Turkish too.

It is built like this:

• yağmur = rain
• var = there is / exists
• -sa = if

So yağmur varsa literally means if there is rain.

This is a very normal Turkish way to talk about weather conditions. English often prefers if it rains, but Turkish can express the same basic idea with if there is rain.

Yes, absolutely.

Compare:

• yağmur varsa = if there is rain
• yağmur yağarsa = if it rains

Both are natural, but the nuance is a little different:

• yağmur varsa focuses on the presence of rainy weather
• yağmur yağarsa focuses on the action of rain falling

So the original sentence is perfectly normal, but yağmur yağarsa would also make sense.

Because Turkish often uses the singular noun to talk about a type of clothing in a general way.

So:

• çizme giyiyor = she wears boots / she puts on boots
• çizmelerini giyiyor = she puts on her boots

The version in the sentence is more general: when there is rain, she wears boots.

This can feel strange to English speakers because English usually uses the plural boots here, but Turkish often uses the singular form for the clothing type.

Like many Turkish verbs, giymek can be interpreted a little differently depending on context.

• giyiyor can mean is wearing
• It can also mean puts on / is putting on

In this sentence, the most natural meaning is probably wears:
when it is rainy, she wears boots.

If the sentence were about the moment of dressing, it could feel more like puts on.

Turkish usually likes the verb near the end.

The first clause is:

• Ablam = subject
• Mayıs ayında = time expression
• yazlık ayakkabılarını = object
• çıkarıyor = verb

The second clause is:

• ama = but
• yağmur varsa = conditional clause
• çizme = object
• giyiyor = verb

So a very common Turkish pattern is:

• subject + time/condition + object + verb

Word order is somewhat flexible in Turkish, but verb-final structure is very common.

Ama means but.

It is very common in everyday Turkish.

Other possibilities include:

• fakat = but / however
• ancak = but / however

Compared with those, ama is usually the most straightforward and conversational choice.

Because Turkish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So Turkish simply says:

• çizme giyiyor
• yağmur varsa
• ablam

and the exact English article depends on context when you translate.

That is why one Turkish sentence can map to English in several slightly different ways, such as:

• my older sister takes out her summer shoes in May
• my older sister brings out the summer shoes in May
• if there is rain, she wears boots

The Turkish does not need separate article words to be complete.