Ben arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum.

A natural breakdown is:

• Ben = I
• arkadaşımın = of my friend / my friend’s
  • arkadaş = friend
  • -ım = my
  • -ın = genitive ending, giving my friend’s
• evinden = from his/her house
  • ev = house, home
  • -i = his/her/its
  • -nden / -den = from
• geliyorum = I am coming / I come
  • gel- = come
  • -iyor = present continuous
  • -um = I

So the structure is basically: I [my friend’s house-from] am coming.

Yes, you can usually leave ben out.

Turkish verbs already show the subject, and geliyorum already means I am coming. So:

• Ben arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum.
• Arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum.

Both are correct.

Including ben often adds emphasis or contrast, like:

• I’m coming from my friend’s house.
  (maybe not someone else)

So ben is optional here unless you want emphasis.

Because Turkish uses the genitive form to show possession in a phrase like my friend’s house.

You need:

• arkadaşımın = my friend’s
• evi = his/her house

This is a very common Turkish pattern:

• Ali’nin arabası = Ali’s car
• annemin çantası = my mother’s bag
• arkadaşımın evi = my friend’s house

So arkadaşımın is required because it is the owner in the possessive relationship.

It is built step by step:

• arkadaş = friend
• arkadaşım = my friend
  • -ım = my
• arkadaşımın = my friend’s
  • -ın = genitive ending

So:

• arkadaş → friend
• arkadaşım → my friend
• arkadaşımın → my friend’s

This can look strange to English speakers because Turkish stacks suffixes onto the noun instead of using a separate word like of or apostrophe ’s.

Because the sentence means from my friend’s house, not just from a house.

Here the house belongs to my friend, so Turkish marks that on ev:

• ev = house
• evi = his/her house
• evinden = from his/her house

The full possessive phrase is:

• arkadaşımın evi = my friend’s house
• arkadaşımın evinden = from my friend’s house

If you said evden geliyorum, that would simply mean I am coming from the house / from home, without the idea of my friend’s attached to the house.

That n is a linking consonant, often called a buffer consonant.

The form is:

• ev = house
• evi = his/her house
• evi + den would be awkward directly
• so Turkish uses n: evinden

This happens very often when a noun with a third-person possessive suffix takes another ending:

• evi = his/her house
• evinde = in his/her house
• evinden = from his/her house
• evine = to his/her house

So the n helps connect the possessive form to the case ending.

-den / -dan / -ten / -tan is the ablative case in Turkish. It often means:

• from
• out of
• because of in some contexts

Here it means from:

• evden = from the house
• okuldan = from school
• işten = from work

So evinden means from his/her house, and in the full sentence it gives from my friend’s house.

Geliyorum is the present continuous form, and it usually means:

• I am coming
• sometimes I’m coming in the sense of an action happening now or around now

Formation:

• gel- = come
• -iyor = present continuous
• -um = I

So:

• geliyorum = I am coming

By contrast, gelirim usually means something more like:

• I come
• I usually come
• I would come

So for a sentence like this, where someone is in the process of coming from somewhere, geliyorum is the natural choice.

Usually, yes, gelmek means to come, which implies movement toward the speaker or toward the place being treated as the reference point.

Compare:

• gelmek = to come
• gitmek = to go

So:

• Arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum. = I’m coming from my friend’s house.
• Arkadaşımın evine gidiyorum. = I’m going to my friend’s house.

English speakers often need to watch both the source and the direction:

• evinden = from his/her house
• evine = to his/her house

Because Turkish usually uses case endings instead of separate prepositions.

English says:

• from my friend’s house

Turkish builds that meaning onto the noun:

• arkadaşımın evinden

So instead of a separate word like from, Turkish adds -den to the noun.

This is a major difference between English and Turkish:

• English: more separate function words
• Turkish: more suffixes attached to words

The normal Turkish word order is often described as Subject–Object/Complements–Verb, with the verb at the end.

So:

• Ben = subject
• arkadaşımın evinden = complement / source phrase
• geliyorum = verb

That gives:

• Ben arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum.

This final-verb pattern is very typical in Turkish.

That said, Turkish word order is flexible, and changing it can shift emphasis:

• Arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum. = neutral, very common
• Ben arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum. = emphasizes I
• Arkadaşımın evinden ben geliyorum. = stronger emphasis/contrast on I

Yes. Ev can mean both house and home, depending on context.

So arkadaşımın evi can mean:

• my friend’s house
• my friend’s home

And arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum can naturally be understood as:

• I’m coming from my friend’s house
• I’m coming from my friend’s home

English often separates house and home more sharply than Turkish does in everyday use.

Yes, it is completely natural.

A very common everyday version would simply be:

• Arkadaşımın evinden geliyorum.

That sounds like something you might say on the phone, by message, or when someone asks where you are coming from.

Adding ben is also correct, but often slightly more emphatic than necessary unless you want contrast.