Kelebek çimenlerin üzerine konunca arı hemen başka bir çiçeğe geçti.

Konunca comes from the verb konmak, which means to land, to perch, or to settle on.

Here is the breakdown:

• kon- = verb stem
• -unca / -ince = a suffix meaning when, once, or as soon as

So konunca means:

• when it landed
• once it landed
• as soon as it landed

In this sentence, it refers to the butterfly, so the understood meaning is when the butterfly landed.

Çimenlerin üzerine means onto the grass or on top of the grass.

It is built like this:

• çimenler = grasses / grass
• çimenlerin = of the grass / of the grasses
• üzerine = onto its surface / onto the top of it

Turkish often uses üzerine when something moves onto a surface. So if a butterfly lands on grass, çimenlerin üzerine konmak is very natural.

A rough literal structure is:

• the grass’s surface-onto

That sounds strange in English, but it is normal in Turkish.

Because üzerine comes from üzeri, which is a noun meaning its top / its surface.

In Turkish, when one noun is related to another in this way, you often get a possessive-style structure:

• çimenlerin üzeri = the surface of the grass
• çimenlerin üzerine = onto the surface of the grass

So the first noun takes the genitive ending:

• çimenler → çimenlerin

This is a very common pattern with words like:

• üstü / üzerine
• altı / altına
• içi / içine
• dışı / dışına
• yanı / yanına

Because the noun çiçek changes when a vowel-initial ending is added.

The base word is:

• çiçek = flower

When the dative ending is added, the final k softens to ğ:

• çiçek + e → çiçeğe

This kind of consonant softening is very common in Turkish.

So:

• çiçeğe = to the flower / onto the flower

The ending -e / -a is the dative case, which often means:

• to
• toward
• onto

In this sentence:

• başka bir çiçeğe geçti = it moved to another flower

So -e shows the destination.

Başka bir çiçek means another flower or a different flower.

Here:

• başka = other / another / different
• bir = a / one
• çiçeğe = to the flower

In Turkish, başka bir + singular noun is a very common way to say another.

So:

• başka bir çiçeğe = to another flower

You may sometimes see başka çiçeğe, but başka bir çiçeğe is more natural and more complete in many contexts.

Yes, geçmek often means to pass, but it has several meanings depending on context.

Some common meanings are:

• to pass
• to go across
• to move to
• to switch to

In this sentence, geçti means something like:

• moved to
• went over to
• switched to

So arı hemen başka bir çiçeğe geçti means the bee moved from one flower to another.

Also:

• geçti is past tense
• it means it moved / it went over

Turkish word order is flexible, but the most neutral pattern is often that the verb comes at the end.

This sentence has two parts:

1. Kelebek çimenlerin üzerine konunca
   = When the butterfly landed on the grass

2. arı hemen başka bir çiçeğe geçti
   = the bee immediately moved to another flower

A time clause like when the butterfly landed... often comes first in Turkish, just as it can in English.

Also notice:

• hemen = immediately
• It appears before the destination and verb, which is very natural.

The final verb geçti closes the whole sentence, which is typical Turkish structure.

Turkish does not have definite and indefinite articles in the same way English does.

So:

• kelebek can mean the butterfly or a butterfly
• arı can mean the bee or a bee

The exact meaning depends on context.

Turkish sometimes uses bir to mean a / an, but not always. In this sentence, bir appears in başka bir çiçeğe because that expression naturally means another flower.

So the sentence does not need separate words for the butterfly or the bee.

It can mean either, depending on context.

-ınca / -ince / -unca / -ünce often gives a sense like:

• when
• once
• upon
• as soon as

Here, because the main clause contains hemen meaning immediately, the sentence strongly suggests a quick sequence:

• the butterfly landed
• the bee immediately moved to another flower

So in this context, konunca feels close to as soon as it landed or when it landed.

They are very close in meaning, and in many contexts both can mean onto, on, or upon.

• üzerine comes from üzeri
• üstüne comes from üstü

In everyday Turkish, both are common. Sometimes one may sound a little more natural than the other depending on the expression, but the difference is often small.

In this sentence, çimenlerin üzerine konmak sounds perfectly natural for to land on the grass.

A more word-for-word version would be something like:

• When the butterfly landed onto the surface of the grass, the bee immediately moved to another flower.

That literal version is not the most natural English, but it helps show the Turkish structure.

A smoother English translation would be:

• When the butterfly landed on the grass, the bee immediately moved to another flower.
• or As soon as the butterfly landed on the grass, the bee moved to another flower.