Yengem bugün etek giydi ve gelinle uzun süre konuştu.

The base word is yenge, a kinship term that often means sister-in-law. The ending -m is the 1st person singular possessive suffix, so:

• yenge = sister-in-law
• yengem = my sister-in-law

Because yenge ends in a vowel, Turkish adds the possessive directly: yenge + m → yengem.

Also, kinship words in Turkish can be a little broader in use than in English, so yenge can depend somewhat on family and context.

This is a very common Turkish pattern.

In etek giydi, etek is a bare object, which often gives a general or non-specific meaning. So this is naturally understood as wore a skirt.

Compare:

• etek giydi = wore a skirt / was wearing a skirt
• bir etek giydi = wore a/one skirt, with a bit more emphasis on one
• eteği giydi = wore the skirt / a specific known skirt

So the sentence uses etek because the skirt is not being treated as a specific, identified object.

Not in the same way English does.

Turkish does not have direct equivalents of English articles used all the time. Instead, Turkish often shows definiteness in other ways, especially through:

• context
• word order
• the accusative ending on direct objects
• words like bir when needed

So etek by itself can often correspond to a skirt, while a marked form like eteği often points to the skirt or a specific skirt.

Gelinle means with the bride or with the daughter-in-law, depending on context.

It is formed from:

• gelin = bride / daughter-in-law
• ile = with

In Turkish, ile is very often attached to the noun as a suffix-like form:

• gelin ile
• gelinle

Both are possible, but the attached form is very common and natural.

The form -le / -la changes by vowel harmony:

• front vowels → -le
• back vowels → -la

Since gelin has front vowels, it becomes gelinle.

It can mean either one.

That is normal in Turkish: one word can cover both meanings, and context tells you which is intended.

So:

• gelin = bride
• gelin = daughter-in-law

If the meaning has already been given to the learner, then that chosen meaning is the one to follow here. But if you saw gelinle by itself with no context, both interpretations would be possible.

Uzun süre means for a long time or more literally a long duration.

Turkish often uses time expressions directly, without needing a separate word that matches English for.

So:

• uzun süre konuştu = talked for a long time

This is completely natural in Turkish.

You may also see:

• uzun bir süre konuştu

This means the same thing, with bir making the phrase a little fuller, like for a long period.

They both use the same past-tense suffix, usually shown as -DI in grammar explanations. The actual form changes because of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.

1. giydi

From giymek = to wear

• verb stem: giy-
• past suffix: -di

So:

• giydi = wore

2. konuştu

From konuşmak = to speak, talk

• verb stem: konuş-
• past suffix: underlyingly -du
• but after the voiceless consonant ş, d becomes t

So:

• konuştu = spoke / talked

Why the vowel changes

The vowel in the past suffix follows vowel harmony:

• -dı
• -di
• -du
• -dü

And after a voiceless consonant, d becomes t:

• -tı
• -ti
• -tu
• -tü

So both verbs are in the same tense; they just take different surface forms.

Because the subject is still the same: yengem.

Turkish often avoids repeating the subject when it continues across another verb. So this sentence naturally means:

• My sister-in-law wore a skirt today and talked with the bride for a long time.

Turkish does this very often with ve = and.

If the second action had a different subject, Turkish would normally make that clear by naming the new subject.

They do very different jobs:

• ve = and
• -le = with

In this sentence:

• ve connects the two actions: giydi and konuştu
• gelinle tells you who she talked with

So:

• giydi ve konuştu = wore ... and talked
• gelinle konuştu = talked with the bride/daughter-in-law

The basic Turkish word order is Subject – Object – Verb, and verbs very often come at the end of their clause.

This sentence is:

• Yengem = subject
• bugün = time expression
• etek = object
• giydi = verb
• ve
• gelinle = with the bride / daughter-in-law
• uzun süre = for a long time
• konuştu = verb

A very literal English-style breakdown would be something like:

• My sister-in-law today skirt wore and with the bride for a long time talked.

Turkish word order is somewhat flexible, especially for emphasis, but the version given is very natural. For example, Bugün yengem etek giydi... would put more focus on today.