Hava sıcak olunca çamaşırlar balkonda daha çabuk kuruyor.

In Turkish, a present-tense sentence with an adjective often does not need a separate verb meaning to be.

So:

• Hava sıcak = The weather is warm
• literally: weather warm

This is very normal Turkish. English needs is, but Turkish often leaves it out in this kind of sentence.

In your full sentence, olunca is added later to build the when... clause, so you get Hava sıcak olunca.

Olunca here means something like:

• when it is
• when it gets
• once it is
• sometimes even since/as it is

It comes from olmak = to be / to become, plus the ending -ınca / -ince, which makes a time or condition clause.

So:

• sıcak olunca = when it is warm / when it becomes warm

In natural English, this whole part is usually translated as when the weather is warm.

It is mainly a when / once / when it happens that structure, but it can also carry a cause-and-effect feeling depending on context.

In this sentence:

• Hava sıcak olunca çamaşırlar... kuruyor
• The idea is: when the weather is warm, the laundry dries faster

Because warm weather causes faster drying, English might also feel a slight because meaning in the background. But grammatically, olunca is not just a direct translation of because. It is more like a time-condition form that often implies cause.

Because Hava sıcak is a complete statement:

• Hava sıcak = The weather is warm

But the sentence needs a dependent clause meaning when the weather is warm. To turn the statement into that kind of clause, Turkish uses a form like olunca.

So:

• Hava sıcak = The weather is warm
• Hava sıcak olunca = When the weather is warm

Here çamaşırlar most naturally means the laundry or the clothes being washed/dried.

The word çamaşır can mean different things depending on context, such as:

• laundry
• clothes
• washing
• sometimes underwear

In this sentence, because the clothes are drying on the balcony, çamaşırlar clearly means laundry / washed clothes.

Because it refers to multiple clothing items.

• çamaşır = laundry / a laundry item / clothing item, depending on context
• çamaşırlar = the clothes / the laundry items

English often treats laundry as an uncountable noun, but Turkish can naturally use the plural when thinking of the individual items.

This is very common in Turkish.

With plural subjects, especially non-human ones, Turkish often uses a singular verb:

• Çamaşırlar kuruyor = The clothes are drying / dry

Using a plural verb like kuruyorlar is usually unnecessary here and sounds less natural for inanimate things.

So this pattern is normal:

• Çiçekler açıyor = The flowers are blooming
• Kitaplar masada duruyor = The books are on the table
• Çamaşırlar kuruyor = The laundry is drying

Balkonda means on the balcony or at the balcony, depending on how English would naturally say it.

The ending -da / -de / -ta / -te is the locative suffix, which gives meanings like:

• in
• on
• at

So:

• balkon = balcony
• balkonda = on the balcony

Here English prefers on the balcony, but Turkish uses the same locative ending for many location ideas that English splits into different prepositions.

Daha çabuk means faster or more quickly.

Breakdown:

• çabuk = quick / quickly
• daha = more

Together:

• daha çabuk = more quickly = faster

So:

• çabuk kuruyor = dries quickly
• daha çabuk kuruyor = dries more quickly / dries faster

In this sentence, çabuk is functioning as an adverb, because it describes how the laundry dries.

The ending -yor is often taught first as the present continuous, so literally it can mean:

• is drying

But in real Turkish, -yor is also very often used for general present situations, especially when the sentence describes what usually happens.

So here kuruyor can naturally be understood as either:

• is drying
• dries

In good English, the best translation is usually:

• When the weather is warm, the laundry dries faster on the balcony

because this is a general truth, not just one single drying event.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although some versions sound more natural than others.

Your sentence:

• Hava sıcak olunca çamaşırlar balkonda daha çabuk kuruyor.

This is very natural. It puts the when-clause first, then the main information.

Other possible orders include:

• Çamaşırlar hava sıcak olunca balkonda daha çabuk kuruyor.
• Hava sıcak olunca balkonda çamaşırlar daha çabuk kuruyor.

The verb often stays near the end. Changing the order usually changes focus more than basic meaning.

Yes, you often can.

• Hava sıcakken çamaşırlar balkonda daha çabuk kuruyor.

This also means When the weather is warm, the laundry dries faster on the balcony.

The difference is subtle:

• sıcakken = while/when it is warm
• sıcak olunca = when it gets/is warm, often with a slight result/cause feeling

In many everyday situations, both are natural.
Olunca can sound a little more like once the weather is warm, this happens.

It breaks down like this:

• Hava sıcak olunca = when the weather is warm
• çamaşırlar = the laundry / the clothes
• balkonda = on the balcony
• daha çabuk = faster / more quickly
• kuruyor = dries / is drying

So the structure is:

• [When-clause] + [subject] + [location] + [adverb] + [verb]

That is a very common Turkish sentence pattern.