Learn Hardcore Turkish: Arkadaşım yeni evinden memnun. - My friend is satisfied with his new house.

Arkadaşım means "my friend." The root arkadaş translates to "friend," and the suffix -ım attaches to indicate first-person singular possession (i.e., "my"), so the word literally means "friend of mine."

What are the components of yeni evinden, and what does each part contribute to the meaning?

Yeni evinden is composed of three parts:
• Yeni means "new."
• Ev means "house."
• -in is a possessive suffix that implies the house belongs to someone (here, it aligns with the friend mentioned earlier), and -den is the ablative case ending.
Together, they indicate "from his/her new house" or idiomatically, "with his/her new house"—expressing the object or source of satisfaction in a way that is typical in Turkish.

Why is the ablative case ending -den used in evinden after memnun?

In Turkish, the adjective memnun (meaning "satisfied" or "content") is commonly used with a complement in the ablative case. The -den ending in evinden marks this complement, showing the source or object of the satisfaction. Although in English we say "satisfied with" something, Turkish uses the ablative to express the relationship, making the construction idiomatic.

Is memnun functioning as a verb or an adjective in this sentence, and what role does it play?

Memnun is an adjective. In this sentence, it functions as the predicate, describing the state of arkadaşım (my friend). Turkish often omits an explicit verb such as "is"—thus, Arkadaşım yeni evinden memnun simply means "My friend is satisfied with his/her new house."

How does the word order in Arkadaşım yeni evinden memnun. differ from typical English sentence structure?

Turkish usually employs a Subject-Object (or complement)-Predicate order. In this sentence:
• Arkadaşım is the subject.
• Yeni evinden functions as the complement, specifying the object or source of satisfaction.
• Memnun is the predicate adjective describing the subject’s state.
In contrast, English typically follows a Subject-Verb-Object order and would insert a linking verb (as in "My friend is satisfied with his/her new house"), whereas Turkish communicates this idea through word order and case endings without an explicit verb like "is."