Hennes bror tog fram borrmaskinen, men hon sa att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än.

Hennes means her, referring to some woman other than the grammatical subject of that noun phrase.

In Hennes bror, the possessor is simply she/her: her brother.

Swedish sin/sitt/sina is a reflexive possessive, used when the owner is the subject of the same clause. For example:

• Hon tog fram sin borrmaskin. = She took out her own drill.

But in your sentence, we are not saying the brother’s own brother, so sin would not make sense there. We just mean her brother = hennes bror.

Tog fram is the past tense of ta fram, which often means:

• take out
• bring out
• get out
• sometimes produce or put forward, depending on context

Here, Hennes bror tog fram borrmaskinen means Her brother took out the drill.

This is a very common Swedish verb combination:

• ta fram = take out / bring out
• tar fram = present
• tog fram = past

Borrmaskinen is the definite form: the drill.

• en borrmaskin = a drill
• borrmaskinen = the drill

Swedish often attaches the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

So:

• Han använde borrmaskinen. = He used the drill.

In your sentence, it is a specific drill that both speakers know about, so the definite form is natural.

Swedish can absolutely use den (it) in many cases, but repeating the noun is also very natural, especially when the speaker wants to be clear.

So both of these can work:

• ... men hon sa att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än.
• ... men hon sa att vi inte behövde använda den än.

Repeating borrmaskinen can sound a little clearer or more explicit. Swedish often repeats nouns more readily than English does.

Yes. Att means that.

• hon sa att vi inte behövde... = she said that we didn’t need to...

Just like English, Swedish often allows that to be omitted:

• Hon sa att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än.
• Hon sa vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än.

Both are possible, though att is very common and often feels a bit clearer.

This is normal Swedish word order in a subordinate clause.

After att, the clause is subordinate, and Swedish typically puts the sentence adverbial inte before the finite verb:

• att vi inte behövde använda...

Compare:

• Main clause: Vi behövde inte använda borrmaskinen.
• Subordinate clause: ... att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen.

So the pattern is:

• main clause: subject + verb + inte
• subordinate clause: subject + inte
  • verb

This is one of the most important word-order differences in Swedish.

Behövde använda means needed to use.

• behöva = to need
• använda = to use
• behövde = past tense of behöva

So:

• vi behövde använda borrmaskinen = we needed to use the drill

This is a common construction in Swedish:

• behöva + infinitive

Examples:

• Jag behöver gå. = I need to go.
• Vi behövde vänta. = We needed to wait.

Because the whole statement is being reported in the past.

The main verb is sa = said, so what follows is often backshifted into the past as well:

• hon sa att vi inte behövde... = she said that we didn’t need to...

This works very much like English:

• She says that we don’t need to use it yet.
• She said that we didn’t need to use it yet.

Even though the idea is about a future or not-yet situation, the reported statement is framed from a past point of view.

Here än means yet in the sense of not yet.

So:

• inte ... än = not ... yet

In your sentence:

• vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än = we didn’t need to use the drill yet

Very common examples:

• Jag är inte klar än. = I’m not finished yet.
• Han har inte kommit än. = He hasn’t arrived yet.

Be careful: än can also mean than in comparisons:

• större än = bigger than

That is the usual position for än when it means yet.

So Swedish commonly says:

• Jag är inte redo än.
• Vi behöver inte gå än.
• Hon hade inte kommit än.

Putting än near the end of the clause is the normal, natural placement in this meaning.

Historically, yes, the parts are:

• tog = took
• fram = forward / forth

But in actual modern usage, ta fram should usually be learned as a unit. In this context it simply means:

• take out
• bring out
• get out

So it is better to understand tog fram borrmaskinen as took out the drill, not as a word-for-word literal translation.

Yes, but it would mean something different.

• behövde använda = needed to use
• skulle använda = were going to use / would use

So:

• hon sa att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än
  = she said that we didn’t need to use the drill yet

but

• hon sa att vi inte skulle använda borrmaskinen än
  = she said that we weren’t going to use the drill yet
  or ... that we shouldn’t use the drill yet, depending on context

So behövde is about necessity, while skulle is about plan, future-in-the-past, or sometimes instruction.

It has two main parts joined by men (but):

1. Hennes bror tog fram borrmaskinen

   • Hennes bror = subject
   • tog fram = verb
   • borrmaskinen = object

2. men hon sa att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än

   • men = but
   • hon sa = main clause
   • att vi inte behövde använda borrmaskinen än = subordinate clause

So the sentence is:

• main clause 1
• men
• main clause 2 + subordinate clause

That is a very common Swedish sentence pattern.