Learn Hardcore Swedish: Jag ser henne i parken, men hon ser inte mig. - I see her in the park, but she doesn't see me.

hon = she (subject): Hon ser mig. = She sees me.
henne = her (object): Jag ser henne. = I see her.
For possession you use hennes = her (possessive): Hennes bok. = Her book.

Why is it mig and not jag?

Same subject/object distinction:

jag = I (subject): Jag ser henne. = I see her.
mig = me (object): Hon ser inte mig. = She doesn’t see me.

Where does inte go? Is Hon ser mig inte also correct?

In main clauses, sentence negation inte usually comes after the finite verb:

Neutral: Hon ser inte mig. Placing inte after a pronoun object is also common and idiomatic:
Also fine (often a bit more emphatic or rhythmic): Hon ser mig inte. In subordinate clauses, inte typically comes before the verb:
att hon inte ser mig = that she doesn’t see me With auxiliaries, inte goes after the auxiliary:
Hon har inte sett mig.

Why is the verb ser the same for both “I” and “she”?

Swedish verbs don’t change with person/number in the present tense. The verb is the same for all subjects:

jag ser, du ser, han/hon/hen ser, vi ser, ni ser, de ser. Key forms of “to see”:
Infinitive: se
Present: ser
Past: såg
Supine (with “har”): sett

Why is it i parken and not “in the park” with a separate word for “the”?

Swedish usually marks “the” by adding a suffix to the noun (definite form), not a separate article:

en park = a park (indefinite)
park-en = the park (definite) So “in the park” is i parken.

Could I say i en park instead? What’s the difference?

Yes:

i en park = in a park (unspecified)
i parken = in the park (a specific or contextually known park) You’d choose based on whether the park is specific/known.

Why use i and not på before parken?

Use:

i for being inside/within an area: i parken (in the park), i skogen (in the forest)
på for surfaces, institutions, events, or certain set phrases: på jobbet (at work), på restaurang (at a restaurant), på stan (in town) With “park”, i parken is the normal choice.

Can I put the place first, like “In the park I see her …”? What happens to the word order?

Yes, and Swedish keeps the verb in second position (V2 rule):

I parken ser jag henne, men hon ser inte mig. After moving i parken to the front, the finite verb (ser) still comes immediately after it.

Is the comma before men required?

It’s common and recommended when men connects two independent clauses:

Jag ser henne i parken, men hon ser inte mig. You’ll also see it without a comma in informal writing; with the comma is good style.

Does men ever mean “except/rather”? When would I use utan?

men = but (simple contrast): Hon ser inte mig, men hon ser dig.
utan = but rather, used after a negation to correct/replace something: Hon ser inte mig, utan dig. = She doesn’t see me, but you (instead).

How would I say “She sees herself” instead of “her (someone else)”?

Use the reflexive pronoun sig for “herself/himself/themselves”:

Hon ser sig (själv). Using henne means a different woman: Hon ser henne = She sees her (another person).

How do I pronounce these words?

Approximate hints (varies by region):

jag: often like “yah” (the g is often silent: [jaː]); some say a soft g.
mig: often “mey”; you’ll hear and sometimes see the informal spelling mej.
hon: like “hoon” with a short oo ([hʊn]).
ser: like “sehr” with a long e ([seːr]).
inte: “IN-teh.” All common pronunciations are understood.

Is writing mej instead of mig acceptable?

Yes, in informal writing. Standard/neutral written forms are mig, dig, sig; colloquial spellings mej, dej, sej reflect how many people pronounce them.

What’s the difference between se, titta (på), and kolla (på)?

se = to see/perceive: Jag ser henne.
titta på = to look at: Jag tittar på henne.
kolla (på) = to check/watch (colloquial): Jag kollar på tv. You can say se på for “watch” in some contexts (e.g., se på tv), but for “look at someone” use titta på.

Why isn’t jag capitalized like English “I”?

Swedish doesn’t capitalize jag unless it starts a sentence. Only proper nouns and sentence-initial words are capitalized.

How would the sentence change if the person were male or plural?

Male object: Jag ser honom i parken, men han ser inte mig. (him/he)
Plural object and subject: Jag ser dem i parken, men de ser inte mig. (them/they) Note: in speech, both de (they) and dem (them) are pronounced “dom.” In writing, keep the distinction de (subject) vs dem (object).

Does Swedish use a helping verb like “do” for negation?

No. You just add inte after the finite verb:

English: She does not see me.
Swedish: Hon ser inte mig. (no “do”)

Could I say “in that park”?

Yes. For a specific, pointed reference:

Most common: i den där parken = in that park (there)
You may also see i den parken used demonstratively in some styles, but den där is the clearest everyday choice.