La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.

La is the feminine singular definite article, meaning the.

Spanish usually uses articles more regularly than English does, so La hamburguesa is the normal way to say the hamburger. In many contexts, Spanish sounds more natural with the article where English might sometimes drop it.

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros. = The hamburger costs ten euros.

If you said just Hamburguesa cuesta diez euros, it would sound incomplete or unnatural in standard Spanish.

Because hamburguesa is a feminine noun in Spanish, so it takes la.

A lot of nouns ending in -a are feminine, and hamburguesa follows that common pattern:

• la hamburguesa
• una hamburguesa

Its adjective forms would also agree in the feminine:

• La hamburguesa está buena.

Cuesta is the third person singular present tense form of costar.

So the pattern is:

• yo cuesto
• tú cuestas
• él / ella / usted cuesta
• nosotros costamos
• vosotros costáis
• ellos / ellas / ustedes cuestan

In this sentence, the subject is la hamburguesa, which is singular, so the verb must also be singular:

• La hamburguesa cuesta...

Because the verb agrees with the thing that costs money, not with the price.

In this sentence, the subject is la hamburguesa:

• La hamburguesa = singular
• therefore cuesta = singular

Diez euros is the amount of money, not the subject.

Compare:

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.
• Las hamburguesas cuestan diez euros.

Now the subject is plural (las hamburguesas), so the verb changes to cuestan.

Yes. Costar is a very common and natural verb for prices.

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.
• ¿Cuánto cuesta? = How much does it cost?

You may also hear valer in Spain:

• La hamburguesa vale diez euros.

That also means The hamburger costs ten euros / is worth ten euros, and it is very common in everyday Spanish in Spain. Both are correct, but costar is a very standard verb to learn first.

Because Spanish does not need one here. With costar, the price comes directly after the verb.

English:

• It costs ten euros.

Spanish:

• Cuesta diez euros.

So Spanish says it more directly, without adding a separate word like for.

A helpful approximation is am-boor-GEH-sa.

A few key points:

• The h is silent in Spanish.
• The gu in gue makes a hard g sound, like g in get.
• The stress falls on -gue-: ham-bur-GUE-sa.

So it is not pronounced like English hamburger. The Spanish word has its own pronunciation pattern.

In standard Spain Spanish, diez is pronounced roughly dee-ETH, with the z like the th in think.

So:

• diez euros ≈ dee-ETH EHW-ros

A couple of details:

• diez has one syllable in normal speech.
• euros begins with the diphthong eu, which can be tricky for English speakers.
• In connected speech, native speakers may link the words smoothly: diez_euros.

In much of Latin America, z would sound like s, but in Spain the th-like sound is the usual model.

Normally, no. That sounds unnatural in standard Spanish.

You would usually say:

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.
• Una hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.

Use la if you mean a specific hamburger or the hamburger being discussed. Use una if you mean a hamburger more generally.

Yes, but La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros is the most neutral and standard order.

You might also hear:

• Cuesta diez euros, la hamburguesa.

But that sounds marked or conversational, often used for emphasis or clarification. For learners, the normal pattern is best:

• subject + verb + price

So:

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.

The most natural question is:

• ¿Cuánto cuesta la hamburguesa? = How much does the hamburger cost?

You could also ask more generally:

• ¿Cuánto cuesta? = How much does it cost?

And the answer would be:

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.

Because the amount is diez, which is more than one.

So Spanish uses the plural noun:

• un euro
• dos euros
• diez euros

This works just like English:

• one euro
• ten euros

Usually hamburguesa refers to a hamburger / burger in general. In everyday use, it can mean either the patty or the sandwich, depending on context, but in a sentence like this, most people understand it as the burger as a menu item.

So if you see:

• La hamburguesa cuesta diez euros.

the natural interpretation is that the burger on the menu costs ten euros.