El gráfico indica que el consumo de energía baja en verano.

In Spanish, you usually need an article with a singular countable noun when you are talking about a specific thing.

So el gráfico means the graph.
Saying just gráfico here would sound incomplete.

• el = the
• gráfico = graph/chart

Because gráfico is masculine singular, the article is el.

The accent mark shows where the stress goes: grá-fi-co.

Without the accent, Spanish stress rules would make you expect the stress somewhere else. The written accent tells you clearly that the stress is on the first syllable.

So you pronounce it roughly like:

• GRA-fi-co

This is very common in Spanish, especially with words that do not follow the default stress pattern.

Indica que means something like indicates that.

It is made of:

• indica = indicates
• que = that

So:

• El gráfico indica que... = The graph indicates that...

In Spanish, que is very often used to introduce a new clause after verbs like:

• decir que = to say that
• creer que = to believe that
• mostrar que = to show that
• indicar que = to indicate that

Because the sentence needs a conjugated verb, not an infinitive.

• bajar = to go down / to decrease
• baja = goes down / decreases

Here, the subject is el consumo de energía, which is singular, so the verb must also be singular:

• el consumo ... baja

This is the third person singular form of bajar in the present tense.

Because the subject of the verb is the whole idea el consumo de energía, and the head noun there is consumo, which is singular.

Think of it like this:

• el consumo = the consumption
• de energía = of energy

So the main noun is consumo, not energía. That is why the verb is singular:

• El consumo de energía baja

A similar English example is:

• Energy consumption decreases

Even though energy appears in the phrase, the real subject is consumption.

Because consumo is a masculine noun.

• el consumo = the consumption

Even though energía is feminine, the article has to match consumo, not energía.

So:

• el consumo ✔
• la consumo ✘

Then you add de energía to say what kind of consumption it is.

Because grammatical gender in Spanish is based on the noun itself, not just the first letter.

• la energía = energy

Many nouns ending in -ía are feminine:

• la energía
• la economía
• la biología

So in this sentence:

• el consumo de energía

the noun energía is feminine, but it comes after de, so you do not see its article here.

In Spanish, when talking about seasons in a general time sense, it is very common to say simply:

• en verano = in summer
• en invierno = in winter

This is especially common when you mean during summer in general.

You may also hear en el verano, but en verano is very natural and common.

So here:

• baja en verano = it decreases in summer / during the summer

Here it is intransitive, so it means goes down, drops, or decreases.

• El consumo de energía baja = Energy consumption goes down / decreases

Compare:

• La temperatura baja = The temperature goes down
• La empresa baja los precios = The company lowers prices

In the second example, baja is transitive because it acts on an object: los precios.

In your sentence, nothing is being directly acted on, so the meaning is decreases.

Yes. Disminuye would also work well here.

• El consumo de energía baja en verano
• El consumo de energía disminuye en verano

Both mean that energy consumption goes down in summer.

The difference is mostly style:

• baja is very common and straightforward
• disminuye sounds a little more formal or technical

In a graph or report context, both are perfectly possible.

Spanish usually expresses this kind of relationship with de:

• consumo de energía = consumption of energy / energy consumption

This is a very common structure:

• el precio del coche = the price of the car
• el nivel de agua = the water level
• el consumo de energía = energy consumption

English often puts one noun directly before another, but Spanish usually prefers noun + de + noun.

So la energía consumo is not correct Spanish.

It is pronounced with the stress on the í:

• e-ner-GÍ-a

The accent mark shows that stress.

A rough English-friendly guide would be:

• eh-nehr-GEE-ah

Also notice that ía is pronounced as two syllables here:

• e-ner-gí-a

not as one merged sound.

Yes. Depending on context, gráfico can refer to a graph, chart, or sometimes a diagram-like visual representation.

In a sentence like this, The graph indicates that... is usually a very natural translation, but chart may also fit depending on what the image looks like.

So the exact English word can change with context, even though the Spanish is the same.

Yes, the main verbs are in the present tense:

• indica = indicates
• baja = goes down / decreases

Spanish often uses the present tense to describe what a graph, table, or figure shows right now as a fact:

• El gráfico indica que...
• La tabla muestra que...

This is just like English, where we often say:

• The graph shows that...

even if the graph is about past or recurring data.

No. In this sentence, que is needed because it introduces a full clause:

• el consumo de energía baja en verano

Without que, the sentence sounds ungrammatical.

So:

• El gráfico indica que el consumo de energía baja en verano ✔
• El gráfico indica el consumo de energía baja en verano ✘

If you wanted a different structure without que, you would need to rewrite the sentence, for example:

• El gráfico indica una bajada del consumo de energía en verano

But with the original structure, que is necessary.