La máquina de coser tiene un pedal de control.

Because máquina is a feminine noun in Spanish, so it takes the feminine article la.

• la máquina = the machine

This is something you usually just learn with the noun. A useful habit is to memorize new nouns together with their article:

• la máquina
• el pedal

Even though a machine is not biologically female, grammatical gender in Spanish is a property of the noun, not of the object itself.

In Spanish, de + infinitive is often used to describe what something is for or what it does.

So:

• máquina de coser = sewing machine
  literally: machine for sewing

Here, coser is the infinitive meaning to sew.

This pattern is very common:

• gafas de sol = sunglasses
• cepillo de dientes = toothbrush
• máquina de lavar = washing machine / machine for washing

So de coser is not acting like an English -ing form exactly, but it often translates that way.

Because tiene means has, while hay means there is / there are.

In this sentence, the subject is la máquina de coser, and you are saying what it has:

• La máquina de coser tiene un pedal de control. = The sewing machine has a control pedal.

If you used hay, the structure would be different:

• Hay un pedal de control en la máquina de coser. = There is a control pedal on/in the sewing machine.

So:

• tener = to have
• hay = there is / there are

Because pedal is a masculine noun, so it takes un in the singular indefinite form.

• un pedal = a pedal

Even though many nouns ending in -al are masculine, it is still best to learn the gender with the noun itself.

Compare:

• un pedal
• el pedal

It literally means something like control pedal or pedal used for control.

On a sewing machine, this usually refers to the foot pedal that controls the speed of the machine.

The structure is:

• pedal = pedal
• de control = for control / control-related

In natural English, you might say:

• a foot pedal
• a control pedal
• a speed-control pedal

Spanish often uses de + noun where English uses a noun before another noun.

Because Spanish very often links nouns and functions with de.

Here are the two cases:

• máquina de coser = machine for sewing
• pedal de control = pedal for control / control pedal

English often puts one noun directly before another:

• sewing machine
• control pedal

Spanish usually prefers a structure with de:

• máquina de coser
• pedal de control

So this is a very normal Spanish pattern, not something unusual about this sentence.

Because Spanish commonly places the main noun first and then adds extra information after it.

English:

• sewing machine
• control pedal

Spanish:

• máquina de coser
• pedal de control

So the Spanish sentence is built very naturally as:

• La máquina = the machine
• de coser = for sewing
• tiene = has
• un pedal = a pedal
• de control = for control

This noun + de + description pattern is one of the most important differences between English and Spanish word formation.

Normally, no. In standard Spanish, you usually need the definite article la here:

• La máquina de coser tiene un pedal de control.

Spanish uses articles more often than English. Since you are talking about the sewing machine as a known or specific object, la is expected.

Leaving it out would sound incomplete or unnatural in an ordinary sentence.

They are similar, but not always identical in style or usage.

• máquina de coser is the normal, fixed expression for sewing machine
• máquina para coser would literally mean machine for sewing, and it is understandable, but it is less standard as the name of the object

In many cases:

• de + infinitive is used for the established name of an object
• para + infinitive often emphasizes purpose more explicitly

So here, máquina de coser is definitely the phrase learners should remember.

Because the subject is singular:

• La máquina de coser = the sewing machine

Since there is only one machine, the verb must be singular:

• tiene = it has

If the subject were plural, the verb would change:

• Las máquinas de coser tienen un pedal de control. = The sewing machines have a control pedal.

So:

• la máquina → tiene
• las máquinas → tienen

Yes. Control is a normal Spanish noun, and it is very common.

Examples:

• el control = control
• el control remoto = the remote control
• el panel de control = the control panel

So pedal de control is grammatically straightforward: a pedal related to controlling something.

A broad Spain pronunciation would be approximately:

• La máquina de coser tiene un pedal de control.
• lah MAH-kee-nah deh koh-SER TYEH-neh oom peh-DHAL deh kon-TROL

A few notes:

• máquina has stress on má
• coser has stress on the last syllable: co-SER
• tiene sounds roughly like TYEH-ne
• In much of Spain, c before o in coser is a normal k sound
• The d in pedal de may sound softer than in English

If you want a more Spain-specific note: many speakers in Spain pronounce z and soft c like the th in think, but that does not affect this particular sentence much, because coser has c before o, not before e or i.

Yes, that can be possible depending on context, but it changes the nuance.

• tiene un pedal de control = it has a control pedal / a specific pedal
• tiene pedal = it has a pedal / it is pedal-operated / it comes with a pedal

Spanish sometimes omits the indefinite article when talking about features in a more general way. But in a clear teaching sentence describing one part of the machine, un pedal de control is perfectly natural and often more explicit.