La grabación tiene ruido de fondo.

Because grabación is a feminine noun, so it takes la.

A very useful pattern is that nouns ending in -ción are usually feminine:

• la canción
• la información
• la conversación
• la grabación

So la grabación is the correct form.

Grabación means recording in general. It can refer to:

• an audio recording
• a video recording
• sometimes the act of recording

In this sentence, because of ruido de fondo (background noise), it most naturally sounds like an audio recording or a recording where sound matters.

Tiene is from the verb tener (to have) and means has.

So literally:

• La grabación tiene ruido de fondo.
• The recording has background noise.

In Spanish, tener is very natural for talking about something containing or showing a feature/problem:

• La foto tiene poca luz. = The photo has poor lighting.
• El texto tiene errores. = The text has mistakes.
• La grabación tiene ruido de fondo. = The recording has background noise.

Even though in English you might also say There is background noise in the recording, Spanish often uses tener in this kind of sentence.

Both are possible, but they focus on slightly different things.

• La grabación tiene ruido de fondo.
  Focuses on the recording and says it has that problem/feature.

• Hay ruido de fondo en la grabación.
  Focuses more on the existence of the noise: There is background noise in the recording.

So the original sentence is very natural, especially when describing the quality of the recording.

After tener, Spanish often omits the indefinite article when talking about something in a general way.

So:

• tiene ruido de fondo = it has background noise

This sounds natural and general.

If you say:

• tiene un ruido de fondo

it can sound more like:

• one particular background noise
• a more specific or countable sound

In most everyday situations, tiene ruido de fondo is the better choice.

Literally, it is:

• ruido = noise
• de fondo = of background / in the background

So ruido de fondo is the normal Spanish expression for background noise.

The phrase de fondo is used in several common expressions:

• música de fondo = background music
• pantalla de fondo = background screen / wallpaper
• ruido de fondo = background noise

Because de fondo is a fixed expression meaning background or in the background.

Here, fondo is being used in a general descriptive way, not to mean the specific background of something. That is why Spanish uses:

• ruido de fondo
• música de fondo

not normally ruido del fondo.

Del fondo would usually mean something more literal like from the back/bottom/background of a particular place, which is not the idea here.

Here, ruido is being used as an uncountable noun, like noise in English.

So:

• Hay ruido. = There is noise.
• Tiene ruido de fondo. = It has background noise.

If you want to talk about individual sounds, Spanish can use countable words like:

• un sonido
• un ruido
• unos ruidos

But in this sentence, ruido is a general mass noun.

Tiene is:

• third person singular
• present tense
• from the verb tener

So it can mean:

• he has
• she has
• it has
• you have (formal singular, usted)

In this sentence, it means it has, referring to la grabación.

Useful forms of tener:

• tengo = I have
• tienes = you have
• tiene = he/she/it has
• tenemos = we have
• tenéis = you all have (Spain)
• tienen = they/you all have

The accent mark shows where the stress goes: gra-ba-CIÓN.

Without the written accent, Spanish pronunciation rules would make you stress it differently. The accent tells you clearly that the last syllable is stressed.

This is also very common with -ción words:

• información
• conversación
• grabación

They are all stressed on the final -ción.

In standard Spanish pronunciation, ruido is approximately:

• RWEE-dhoh in much of Spain

A few helpful points:

• r is a tapped Spanish r
• ui forms a glide, so it sounds something like rwee
• d between vowels in Spain is often softer than English d
• stress is on the first syllable: RUI-do

So the word has two syllables: rui-do.

Not usually if you mean unwanted background noise.

• ruido de fondo = background noise, usually unwanted
• sonido de fondo = background sound, which is more neutral and less common in this context

If you are saying the recording has an audio-quality problem, ruido de fondo is the normal phrase.

Yes, absolutely. That is a very natural alternative.

Compare:

• La grabación tiene ruido de fondo.
• En la grabación hay ruido de fondo.

Both are correct. The difference is mainly in focus:

• La grabación tiene... = describes the recording
• En la grabación hay... = says what exists in the recording

Both would be understood easily by native speakers.