En resumen, la albahaca crece en la sombra parcial.

En resumen is a fixed expression that means in summary, to sum up, or in short.

• En resumen = as a discourse marker introducing a conclusion or summary
• En el resumen = in the summary, meaning inside an actual summary text or section

So here, En resumen is correct because it introduces the final point.

Because En resumen is an introductory phrase. In Spanish, introductory expressions like this are usually followed by a comma.

Examples:

• En resumen, la albahaca crece en la sombra parcial.
• Por lo tanto, debemos regarla menos.
• Sin embargo, no tolera el frío.

The comma helps show a pause, just like in English.

Spanish often uses the definite article when talking about something in a general sense.

So:

• La albahaca crece... = Basil grows... / Basil grows well...

This is very common in Spanish:

• El arroz es importante en muchas cocinas.
• La leche contiene calcio.
• La albahaca necesita calor.

In English, we often leave the article out in general statements, but Spanish often keeps it.

Yes, albahaca is a feminine noun, so it takes la in the singular.

• la albahaca
• las albahacas

A learner might wonder whether it should be el because it starts with a, but that special pattern only happens with some feminine nouns that begin with a stressed a sound, like el agua or el águila.

That does not apply here, because albahaca is stressed on ba:

• al-ba-ha-ca

So the normal feminine article is used:

• la albahaca

Because the subject is singular:

• la albahaca = singular
• therefore crece = singular verb form

If the subject were plural, then you would use crecen:

• Las albahacas crecen en la sombra parcial.

Crece is the present indicative form of crecer.

Here it is used for a general fact or usual condition, not for something happening at this exact moment. Spanish uses the simple present for general truths very often.

So:

• La albahaca crece en la sombra parcial = a general statement about basil

If you wanted to emphasize something happening right now, you could use a progressive form:

• La albahaca está creciendo...

But that would mean is growing, not the general idea grows.

Here, crecer means to grow.

With plants, it can refer to developing, getting bigger, and growing under certain conditions. It does not just mean becoming taller; it can describe the plant’s general growth.

So in this sentence, crece means that basil grows or develops in that environment.

En is used to show the environment or condition where something grows.

So:

• crece en la sombra parcial = grows in partial shade

That is a natural use of en for location or growing conditions.

Compare:

• crece en el jardín
• crece en climas cálidos
• crece en la sombra parcial

Spanish often uses the definite article with noun phrases that describe a category, condition, or environment.

So la sombra parcial refers to the condition of partial shade.

That said, this is one of those places where actual usage can vary depending on the expression. In some contexts, Spanish may sound more natural with a set phrase such as en semisombra, where no article is used.

So grammatically, en la sombra parcial is understandable, but learners should know that article usage can depend on the exact phrase.

Because in Spanish, descriptive adjectives usually come after the noun.

So:

• sombra parcial = partial shade

This is the normal pattern:

• luz natural
• clima cálido
• tierra fértil

Putting the adjective first is much less common and often changes the tone or sounds unnatural.

It is understandable, but in gardening Spanish, many speakers would more naturally say semisombra. In some places, you may also hear media sombra, depending on the region and context.

So these may sound more idiomatic:

• La albahaca crece en semisombra.
• La albahaca crece bien en media sombra.

A learner should understand sombra parcial, but it may sound a bit more literal than what gardeners actually say.

Yes, but some orders are more natural than others.

The original sentence is very natural:

• En resumen, la albahaca crece en la sombra parcial.

You could also say:

• La albahaca crece en la sombra parcial, en resumen.

But that sounds less natural in most contexts, because en resumen is usually placed at the beginning when it introduces a conclusion.

So for learners, the original word order is the best model.