A pesar del agua, la vivienda asegurada está segura.

A pesar de means despite, in spite of, or even with.

So:

• A pesar del agua = Despite the water

It is a fixed expression, so learners usually memorize it as a chunk: a pesar de + noun / infinitive / clause.

Examples:

• A pesar de la lluvia = despite the rain
• A pesar del problema = despite the problem
• A pesar de estar cansado = despite being tired

Because agua is a special feminine noun.

Even though agua is feminine, in the singular it usually takes el instead of la when the a sound is stressed:

• el agua
• el águila
• el alma

So:

• de + el = del
• a pesar del agua

But the noun is still feminine, which you can see in other words that agree with it:

• el agua fría, not el agua frío
• mucha agua, not mucho agua
• las aguas in the plural

So agua is feminine, but it uses el in this specific situation for pronunciation reasons.

No. Agua is still feminine.

This is a very common point of confusion for English speakers. The article changes to el in the singular for sound reasons, but the noun does not become masculine.

You can test it with adjectives and other determiners:

• el agua fría
• esta agua
• mucha agua

Those feminine forms show that agua is grammatically feminine.

Vivienda means dwelling, residence, or housing unit. It is more formal and technical than casa.

• casa = house, home
• vivienda = dwelling / residential property

You often see vivienda in legal, real-estate, insurance, or government language. Since this sentence also includes asegurada (insured), the more formal word vivienda fits that context well.

So la vivienda asegurada sounds like something you might read in an insurance document.

Here, asegurada most naturally means insured.

That is important because English speakers may connect asegurar with to assure or to secure, but in contexts like homes, cars, or property, asegurado/a often means insured.

So:

• la vivienda asegurada = the insured dwelling/home

It does not mean the same thing as segura in this sentence.

They are related, but not the same here.

• asegurada = insured
• segura = safe / secure

So the sentence contrasts two different ideas:

• the home is covered by insurance
• the home is safe

That is why both words appear together. It may sound repetitive at first, but in Spanish they express different meanings.

This is about ser vs estar.

• ser segura usually describes a general characteristic: something is inherently safe or reliable
• estar segura describes a condition or state: something is safe at the moment or under the current circumstances

In this sentence, está segura suggests the home is safe despite the water, meaning in this situation it remains safe.

So estar fits better because the sentence is talking about a current condition, not just a permanent quality.

Because they agree with la vivienda, which is feminine singular.

In Spanish, adjectives usually agree with the noun they describe in gender and number:

• la vivienda asegurada
• la vivienda segura

If the noun were masculine, you would get:

• el edificio asegurado
• el edificio seguro

If it were plural:

• las viviendas aseguradas
• las viviendas seguras

It is originally the past participle of asegurar, but here it functions as an adjective.

That is very common in Spanish. Many past participles are used like adjectives:

• la puerta cerrada = the closed door
• el documento firmado = the signed document
• la vivienda asegurada = the insured dwelling

So in grammar terms, it comes from a verb, but in this sentence it works adjectivally.

Yes, that is possible.

Both of these are grammatical:

• A pesar del agua, la vivienda asegurada está segura.
• La vivienda asegurada está segura a pesar del agua.

The difference is mostly one of emphasis:

• starting with A pesar del agua highlights the contrast first
• putting it at the end sounds a little more neutral

Spanish allows this kind of movement fairly naturally.

Literally, it means water, but in context it could suggest several things:

• water damage
• flooding
• heavy rain
• water intrusion

Spanish often leaves that kind of detail to context. So a pesar del agua could be understood broadly as despite the water situation/problem.

Sometimes, yes, but they are not used in exactly the same way.

• a pesar de is followed by a noun, pronoun, or infinitive
• aunque usually introduces a full clause

So:

• A pesar del agua = despite the water
• Aunque hay agua = although there is water

You cannot normally say aunque del agua.
So for this exact sentence structure, a pesar de is the natural choice.

Because segura is a predicate adjective, not a noun.

In la vivienda asegurada está segura, the structure is:

• subject: la vivienda asegurada
• verb: está
• adjective describing the subject: segura

Spanish does not use an article before predicate adjectives in this kind of sentence.

Compare:

• La casa está segura.
• El coche está limpio.
• La puerta está abierta.

It is grammatical, but it sounds somewhat formal or technical, especially because of vivienda asegurada.

In everyday conversation, many speakers might say something more natural like:

• A pesar del agua, la casa está segura.
• Aunque entró agua, la casa sigue segura.
• A pesar de la inundación, la casa está bien.

The original sentence sounds like something from insurance, property, or official communication.