El bache está en la calle.

Spanish uses estar for location, so está is the normal choice when saying where something is.

• El bache está en la calle. = The pothole is in/on the street.
• Es would sound wrong here because ser is not normally used for physical location.

A very important exception:

• For events, Spanish often uses ser for location: La fiesta es en mi casa.

But for objects and people being somewhere, use estar:

• El coche está afuera.
• Juan está en casa.

In Spanish, singular countable nouns usually need an article or another determiner.

So:

• el bache = the pothole
• un bache = a pothole

Just bache by itself would usually sound incomplete in a normal sentence.

Compare:

• El bache está en la calle. = The pothole is in the street.
• Un bache está en la calle. = A pothole is in the street.

Spanish uses articles more often than English, so this is very normal.

Yes. Bache is a masculine noun, so it takes el in the singular and los in the plural.

• el bache
• los baches

There is no special rule you can see just from the ending -e. Nouns ending in -e can be masculine or feminine, so you usually need to learn the gender with the noun.

A good habit is to memorize them together:

• el bache
• la calle

Because calle is a feminine noun.

So you say:

• la calle = the street
• una calle = a street

Even though calle does not end in -a in a way that always guarantees feminine gender, it is simply feminine and must be learned that way.

Examples:

• La calle es larga.
• La calle está vacía.

Here, en is the natural preposition Spanish uses for location with calle.

In English, you often say:

• on the street

But in Spanish, the usual expression is:

• en la calle

So do not translate the preposition word-for-word. In this context, en covers the idea that English expresses with on.

Examples:

• Vivo en esta calle. = I live on this street.
• Hay mucha gente en la calle. = There are a lot of people in/on the street.

Yes, and in many situations that is actually more natural.

Difference:

• Hay un bache en la calle. = There is a pothole in the street.
  This introduces the pothole as something that exists there.
• El bache está en la calle. = The pothole is in the street.
  This sounds like you already know which pothole you are talking about.

So if you are simply pointing out that there is a pothole, hay un bache is often the more natural choice.

Bache usually means pothole: a hole or damaged dip in the road surface.

It can also be used in other contexts, sometimes more figuratively, for a dip, rough patch, or setback, but in this sentence it clearly means a pothole in the street.

Very common road-related phrase:

• Hay muchos baches en esta avenida. = There are many potholes on this avenue.

A simple approximation is:

• bache ≈ BAH-cheh
• calle ≈ KAH-yeh in most of Latin America

A few useful notes:

• In bache, the ch sounds like English ch in chair.
• In calle, the ll in most of Latin America sounds like y in yes.
• The h in Spanish is silent, but there is no h in bache anyway.

So:

• bache = BAH-cheh
• calle = KAH-yeh

Yes.

Singular:

• El bache está en la calle.

Plural:

• Los baches están en la calle.

Changes:

• el → los
• bache → baches
• está → están

This is standard subject-verb agreement in Spanish.

Usually no, not in this sentence.

• El bache está en la calle. is correct.
• Bache está en calle. is not natural standard Spanish.

Spanish normally keeps the articles with nouns in this kind of sentence:

• el bache
• la calle

This is one of the ways Spanish differs from English, where articles are sometimes omitted more easily.

A little, but the basic order here is the most neutral:

• El bache está en la calle.

You could move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• En la calle está el bache.

But that sounds more marked or literary, as if you are emphasizing where it is.

For a learner, the normal pattern is best:

• subject + está + location