Стоит мне увидеть свежую булку, как я сразу вспоминаю запах той булочной у метро.

Yes, it is the same verb historically, but in this pattern it works as a fixed expression.

Стоит кому-то сделать что-то, как... means:

• it only takes someone to do something for...
• as soon as someone does something...
• no sooner does someone do something than...

So Стоит мне увидеть свежую булку, как... means something like As soon as I see a fresh loaf/bun...

This construction is common in written Russian and sounds a bit more literary or expressive than a plain Когда я вижу...

Because this construction requires the dative case for the person involved:

• стоит мне...
• стоит тебе...
• стоит ему...

So мне is not the subject in the usual nominative sense; it is the person for whom the action becomes the trigger.

You can think of it as a pattern you learn whole:

• Стоит мне открыть окно, как становится холодно.
• Стоит ей услышать эту песню, как она плачет.

Because увидеть is perfective. Here the sentence refers to a single, completed act that triggers the next reaction: the moment I catch sight of it.

• увидеть = to see, to catch sight of, to notice
• видеть = to see, to be seeing, to have visual experience of

In this sentence, the trigger is not an ongoing process of seeing, but the moment of noticing. That is why увидеть is the natural choice.

Here как is part of the correlative construction:

• Стоит..., как...

Together, it means as soon as... , ... immediately...

So this как does not mean how. It links the second clause to the trigger in the first clause.

Similar English equivalents would be:

• As soon as I see..., I...
• No sooner do I see..., than I...

Because увидеть takes a direct object, and the direct object here is in the accusative case.

Dictionary forms:

• свежая → свежую
• булка → булку

Both are feminine singular, and the adjective agrees with the noun.

So:

• увидеть что? → свежую булку

Булка usually means a bread roll, bun, or small loaf, depending on context. It is not quite the same as generic bread in English.

Some related words:

• хлеб = bread in general
• булка = a loaf/roll/bun, often white bread or a bakery item
• батон = a long white loaf, often somewhat baguette-like in shape

So in this sentence, булка suggests a specific baked bread item you can see and smell, which fits the memory of a bakery very well.

Because the sentence describes a regular reaction or general habit:

• whenever this happens, I immediately remember...

Russian often uses the present tense imperfective for repeated or characteristic behavior.

So я сразу вспоминаю means I immediately remember / I immediately find myself recalling every time this trigger occurs.

If you used вспомню, that would usually point to a single future event:

• I will remember

Because запах is followed by a noun in the genitive to express the smell of...

So:

• запах чего? → той булочной

Forms here:

• та → той
• булочная → булочной

Both are genitive singular feminine.

So запах той булочной means the smell of that bakery.

Yes, here it is a noun meaning bakery or bread shop.

Historically, words like this come from adjectives, and Russian has quite a few place names of this type. So булочная can function as a full noun.

Other similar examples are:

• столовая = cafeteria
• парикмахерская = hairdresser's / barbershop / salon

So in this sentence, булочная is simply the noun bakery.

У метро means by the metro / near the metro station. In Russian, у + genitive is a very common way to say near or by.

Now, метро is one of those Russian nouns that are indeclinable, so its form stays the same in all cases. Even though у normally requires the genitive, the word still remains метро.

So:

• булочная у метро = the bakery by the metro

It does not mean the bakery is inside the subway system; it usually means near the station.

Yes. A simpler, more neutral version would be something like:

• Когда я вижу свежую булку, я сразу вспоминаю запах той булочной у метро.

That means essentially the same thing, but Стоит мне..., как... is more expressive and highlights how immediate and automatic the reaction is.