Друг попытался ободрить меня и предложил сразу уладить всё без лишних слов.

They are past tense, masculine, singular verb forms.

• попытался = tried / attempted
• предложил = offered / suggested

Russian past tense agrees with the subject in gender and number. Since друг is a masculine singular noun, the verbs take masculine singular past forms.

Compare:

• друг попытался = the male friend tried
• подруга попыталась = the female friend tried
• друзья попытались = the friends tried

Russian often drops subject pronouns when the subject is already clear.

Here, друг is explicitly stated, so adding он would be unnecessary:

• Друг попытался... = The friend tried...

Russian does this much more often than English. Once the subject is known, pronouns are frequently omitted.

Because ободрить takes a direct object, and direct objects usually go in the accusative case.

• я = I
• меня = me (accusative / genitive form)

So:

• ободрить меня = to encourage me

This is just the normal pattern of the verb ободрить.

After попытался, Russian normally uses an infinitive directly:

• попытался ободрить = tried to encourage

There is no separate word equivalent to English to before the infinitive in this structure.

So the pattern is:

• попытаться + infinitive
• решить + infinitive
• хотеть + infinitive

Examples:

• попытался помочь = tried to help
• решил уйти = decided to leave
• хотел поговорить = wanted to talk

Good question. In Russian, попытаться is a perfective verb meaning to make an attempt.

Perfective here does not mean the whole goal was completed. It means the attempt itself is viewed as a single completed event.

So:

• попытался ободрить меня = he made an attempt to encourage me

Whether he succeeded is a different matter. The sentence only says the attempt happened.

Because Russian commonly uses:

• предложить + infinitive = to suggest doing something / to offer to do something

So:

• предложил сразу уладить всё = suggested settling everything right away / offered to settle everything right away

This is a very normal construction.

Grammatically, Russian does not always spell that out in this structure. After предложил + infinitive, the doer of the infinitive is often understood from context.

So this can mean something like:

• he suggested that we settle everything right away
• he offered to settle everything right away

In many real contexts, English also has to interpret this from the situation. Russian leaves it similarly implicit here.

If the speaker wanted to make it clearer, Russian could add something like:

• предложил мне сразу уладить всё = suggested that I settle everything right away / suggested to me to settle everything right away
• предложил нам сразу уладить всё = suggested that we settle everything right away

But without that, context decides.

Сразу means right away, at once, or immediately.

In this sentence:

• предложил сразу уладить всё = suggested settling everything right away

It often gives the idea of doing something without delay.

Уладить means something like:

• to settle
• to sort out
• to resolve

It is perfective, so it presents the action as reaching a result: the matter gets settled.

That fits well here, because the idea is to resolve everything completely, not just to be in the process of dealing with it.

Compare:

• уладить = settle it, bring it to resolution
• улаживать = be settling, keep working on settling

Because всё means everything, while все means everyone or all.

Here:

• уладить всё = settle everything

This is a very common point of confusion because ё is often written as е in ordinary Russian text. So you may sometimes see все in writing where the meaning is actually всё, and you have to understand it from context.

Here the meaning must be everything, so the intended word is всё.

It is the accusative case, because it is the direct object of уладить.

However, with всё, the accusative looks the same as the nominative:

• nominative: всё
• accusative: всё

So the form does not change, but the function in the sentence is direct object.

Because the preposition без always requires the genitive case.

So:

• без = without
• лишних = genitive plural of лишний
• слов = genitive plural of слово

That gives:

• без лишних слов = without unnecessary words

or more naturally:

• without further talk
• without unnecessary discussion
• without making a fuss

Yes, very much so.

Literally it means without extra/unnecessary words, but idiomatically it often means:

• without pointless discussion
• without arguing
• without making a scene
• straight to the point

So in this sentence it suggests handling the matter calmly and directly.

Yes. Russian word order is more flexible than English, though changes in order can affect emphasis and style.

The original sentence is neutral and natural:

• Друг попытался ободрить меня и предложил сразу уладить всё без лишних слов.

But you could also hear variations like:

• Друг попытался меня ободрить...
• ...и предложил уладить всё сразу...

These alternatives are still understandable, but the original order sounds smooth and standard.

Because Russian has no articles.

So друг can mean:

• a friend
• the friend
• sometimes even just friend in a looser sense

Context tells you which is meant. English has to choose an article, but Russian does not.