В вазе на столе стоит лилия, а рядом лежит ромашка, которую дочка принесла из сада.

Russian word order is flexible, and it often puts the location/background first and the new information later.

So:

• В вазе на столе стоит лилия
  literally feels like: In the vase on the table, there is a lily / stands a lily

This structure is very natural when you are describing a scene. English usually prefers the subject earlier, but Russian often starts with:

• where something is
• then the verb
• then what is there

So the sentence sounds descriptive and natural, not unusual.

Both are in the prepositional case because they are used after prepositions of location:

• в вазе = in the vase
• на столе = on the table

Here:

• ваза → в вазе
• стол → на столе

This is a very common pattern in Russian:

• в + prepositional for location inside something
• на + prepositional for location on a surface or at some places

So these forms answer where?

Russian usually does not use есть the way English uses there is in ordinary descriptions.

Instead, Russian often uses verbs showing position:

• стоит = stands
• лежит = lies
• висит = hangs
• сидит = sits

A flower in a vase is seen as standing upright, so:

• стоит лилия

This sounds much more natural than using есть here.

Russian uses positional verbs much more often than English does.

Here the contrast is:

• лилия стоит — the lily is upright in the vase
• ромашка лежит — the chamomile/daisy is lying nearby, probably not in the vase

So лежит does not necessarily sound odd in Russian. It simply describes the flower as being in a horizontal resting position.

English often just says is, but Russian prefers a more specific verb.

The conjunction а often means something like:

• and, but with a slight contrast
• whereas
• while

So:

• стоит лилия, а рядом лежит ромашка

means something like:

• there is a lily standing there, and nearby a chamomile is lying there
• or more literally, a lily stands there, while nearby a chamomile lies there

It connects the two parts, but also highlights that the two flowers are positioned differently.

If you used и, it would sound more like simple addition. А gives a mild contrast or comparison.

Рядом here is an adverb meaning:

• nearby
• next to it
• close by

So:

• а рядом лежит ромашка = and nearby lies a chamomile/daisy

Important: here рядом stands alone, so it means simply nearby.

Russian also has:

• рядом с... = next to...

For example:

• рядом с вазой = next to the vase

But in your sentence, there is no с, so рядом just means nearby in a general sense.

This is one of the most important grammar points in the sentence.

Которую refers back to ромашка, so it must match it in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular

But its case is not chosen by ромашка. Its case depends on its role inside the relative clause:

• которую дочка принесла из сада

Inside that clause, the daughter brought what?
She brought the chamomile.

So the relative pronoun is the direct object of принесла, which requires the accusative case.

That is why:

• nominative feminine singular = которая
• accusative feminine singular = которую

So которую = which/that as the object of brought.

Because дочка is the subject of the verb принесла.

In the clause:

• которую дочка принесла из сада

the action is:

• дочка принесла = the daughter brought

So дочка is the one performing the action, which means it stays in the nominative case.

Принесла is the past tense, feminine singular form of принести.

It shows that the subject is feminine:

• дочка принесла

If the subject were masculine, it would be:

• сын принёс

If plural:

• дети принесли

Also, принести is a perfective verb, so принесла presents the action as completed: she brought it successfully from the garden.

The preposition из means from, out of, and it requires the genitive case.

So:

• сад → из сада

This is the normal pattern:

• из дома = from the house
• из города = from the city
• из сада = from the garden

So из сада means the flower was brought from the garden.

Russian has no articles like English a/an/the.

So words like:

• лилия
• ромашка
• дочка
• сад

can mean a lily / the lily, a chamomile / the chamomile, and so on, depending on context.

Russian expresses definiteness through:

• context
• word order
• intonation
• shared knowledge

So learners should not try to look for a Russian equivalent of the in every sentence. Usually there is none.

This is very common in scene-setting or descriptive Russian.

When Russian introduces something in a place, it often uses:

• location + verb + noun

So:

• В вазе на столе стоит лилия
• рядом лежит ромашка

This feels like There is a lily standing in the vase on the table; nearby there is a chamomile lying there.

Putting the noun after the verb often helps present it as new information. English usually prefers A lily is standing..., but Russian very naturally uses the verb-first pattern in this kind of description.

Not exactly, though they are closely related.

• дочь = daughter (neutral/basic word)
• дочка = daughter, but warmer, more familiar, more affectionate, often like little daughter or just a homier everyday form

In many contexts, дочка is perfectly normal and natural. It does not always literally mean a very small child; it can simply sound more personal or affectionate than дочь.

Because которую дочка принесла из сада is a relative clause.

It describes ромашка:

• ромашка, которую дочка принесла из сада

Russian normally separates this kind of subordinate clause with a comma.

So the comma marks the beginning of the clause which the daughter brought from the garden.

Yes. In dictionaries and translations, ромашка can be rendered as:

• chamomile
• camomile
• daisy in some contexts

The exact English choice depends on context, botanical precision, and translation style. For a learner, the important grammar point is that ромашка is a feminine singular noun, which is why related forms are feminine too, such as которую and принесла if the subject is дочка.

Yes. Even though the verbs are literally stands and lies, the sentence mainly describes a state/arrangement:

• a lily is standing in the vase
• a chamomile is lying nearby

In Russian, these positional verbs are often used for location descriptions, not only for active events. So the sentence is more about what is where than about dramatic action.