Утром брат не успел побриться дома и взял новую бритву с собой в офис.

Утром is an adverbial form meaning in the morning. Historically it comes from the instrumental case of утро (morning), and in modern Russian it is very commonly used as a time expression.

So:

• утро = morning
• утром = in the morning

This is similar to other time expressions in Russian:

• днём = in the daytime / during the day
• вечером = in the evening
• ночью = at night

In this sentence, Утром sets the time for the whole action.

Russian has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of the or a.

So брат can mean:

• brother
• the brother
• a brother
• sometimes even his brother, my brother, etc., if the context makes that clear

In a full context, the listener usually knows whose brother is meant. Russian relies much more on context than English does.

Не успел + infinitive means didn’t manage to..., didn’t have time to..., or failed to get around to...

So:

• успел = managed to / had time to
• не успел побриться = did not manage to shave / did not have time to shave

This does not necessarily mean he was unable in general. It means there was not enough time before something else happened or before he had to leave.

A few similar examples:

• Я не успел поесть. = I didn’t have time to eat.
• Она не успела позвонить. = She didn’t manage to call.

This is an aspect question.

• бриться = imperfective, to shave / to be shaving / to shave regularly
• побриться = perfective, to shave (once, as a completed action)

After успеть / не успеть, Russian very often uses a perfective infinitive, because the idea is whether someone managed to complete an action.

So:

• не успел побриться = he didn’t manage to shave completely / didn’t get to do that one action

If you used бриться, it would sound less natural here.

Because бриться / побриться is a reflexive verb: it means to shave oneself.

Russian often uses reflexive forms for actions people do to themselves:

• мыться = to wash oneself
• одеваться = to get dressed
• бриться = to shave oneself

So:

• брить = to shave something/someone
• бриться = to shave oneself

In this sentence, the brother is shaving himself, so побриться is required.

Дома is the normal Russian adverb meaning at home.

So:

• дома = at home
• домой = homeward / to home
• в доме = in the house/building

In this sentence, дома means he did not shave at home before leaving.

If you said в доме, that would focus more on being physically inside the building, not on the idea of home as the usual place where one lives.

Новую бритву is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of взял (took).

The dictionary form is:

• новая бритва = a new razor

But after a transitive verb like взять, the direct object goes into the accusative:

• новую бритву

Why do the endings change?

• новая → новую
• бритва → бритву

This is the normal accusative singular pattern for feminine nouns and adjectives ending in -а / -я.

They are related, but they are different parts of speech:

• бритва = a razor
• бриться = to shave oneself

So in the sentence:

• побриться = to shave
• бритву = razor

This is a common pattern in Russian: related words can look similar but belong to different word classes.

С собой means with oneself / along.

So:

• взять с собой = to take with you / to bring along

In the sentence:

• взял новую бритву с собой в офис = took the new razor with him to the office

Could you say just взял новую бритву в офис? Sometimes people might understand it, but с собой is the standard, very natural way to express take along.

Compare:

• Я взял зонт с собой. = I took an umbrella with me.
• Она взяла документы с собой на встречу. = She took the documents with her to the meeting.

Because в офис expresses motion to the office, while в офисе expresses location in the office.

Russian uses:

• в + accusative for motion toward a place
• в + prepositional for location in a place

So:

• в офис = to the office
• в офисе = in the office

Here the brother took the razor to the office, so в офис is correct.

Взять is the perfective partner of брать.

• брать = to take, to be taking, to take repeatedly
• взять = to take (as a single completed action)

In this sentence, the action is a one-time completed event in the morning narrative:

• he didn’t manage to shave
• and then he took the new razor with him

That is why взял is used rather than брал.

Russian storytelling often uses perfective past verbs for completed steps in a sequence.

Russian word order is flexible, but the original order sounds natural and neutral:

Утром брат не успел побриться дома и взял новую бритву с собой в офис.

This structure moves from time → subject → action sequence.

You could rearrange parts for emphasis, for example:

• Брат утром не успел побриться дома и взял новую бритву с собой в офис.
• Дома брат утром не успел побриться и взял новую бритву с собой в офис.

These are still understandable, but they shift emphasis slightly. The original version is a normal, straightforward narrative sentence.

Russian often does not repeat the subject when it is already clear.

So:

• брат не успел... и взял... = the brother didn’t manage... and took...

Both verbs clearly refer to the same person, so repeating брат would be unnecessary.

English also often does this:

• My brother didn’t have time to shave and took a new razor to the office.

Russian does it very naturally in coordinated clauses like this.

By itself, новую бритву most naturally means a new razor.

It usually suggests that the razor is new, not old or used. Depending on context, it could also imply a newly bought razor, but the sentence alone does not force that interpretation.

If Russian wanted to stress another rather than new, it would more likely use a different word, such as другую:

• другую бритву = another/different razor
• новую бритву = a new razor