Breakdown of Когда толпа медленно двигается, я слушаю каждый звук вокруг и объясняю детям правила безопасности.
Questions & Answers about Когда толпа медленно двигается, я слушаю каждый звук вокруг и объясняю детям правила безопасности.
In Russian, толпа is a normal singular feminine noun (like “crowd” as a grammatical unit), so the verb agrees with it in the singular:
- толпа медленно двигается = the crowd is moving slowly
– толпа – 3rd person singular
– двигается – 3rd person singular (она двигается)
Even though a crowd consists of many people, Russian treats it grammatically as one group, just like English does (you say “the crowd is moving,” not “the crowd are moving” in standard American English).
So singular толпа → singular verb двигается.
Когда introduces a time clause:
- Когда толпа медленно двигается, ...
When the crowd moves / is moving slowly, ...
Using the present tense in both clauses describes a general, repeated situation or a typical reaction:
- Когда X бывает, я обычно делаю Y.
When X happens, I usually do Y.
So:
- когда ... двигается – when the crowd moves / is moving
- я слушаю ... и объясняю ... – I (then) listen ... and explain ...
This is similar to English: “When the crowd moves slowly, I listen … and explain …” → present tense for habits and general behavior.
Двигаться is the reflexive / intransitive form of двигать:
- двигать (что?) – to move (something), transitive
- Он двигает стул. – He is moving the chair.
- двигаться – to move (oneself), intransitive
- Толпа двигается. – The crowd is moving.
The -ся ending often means:
- “to do the action to oneself”
- or that the verb is intransitive (no direct object)
Here, толпа двигается = “the crowd is moving (itself)” – you’re not saying what it moves, just that it is in motion.
Both are correct:
- толпа медленно двигается
- толпа двигается медленно
The basic meaning is the same: “the crowd is moving slowly.”
Nuance:
- Placing медленно right before the verb (медленно двигается) can slightly highlight the manner of movement as a characteristic process.
- Placing медленно at the end (двигается медленно) can sound a bit more neutral, like just adding an extra detail at the end.
But in everyday speech the difference is very small; both versions are natural.
Russian has the same distinction as English:
- слушать – to listen (to) (intentional action)
- Я слушаю музыку. – I’m listening to music.
- слышать – to hear (perception, whether you want to or not)
- Я слышу шум. – I hear a noise.
In the sentence:
- я слушаю каждый звук вокруг – I listen to every sound around (me).
The speaker is actively paying attention to sounds, so слушаю is correct. Слышу каждый звук вокруг would emphasize “I can hear every sound” (ability/fact), not the act of focused listening.
Both are grammatically possible, but they feel different:
- каждый звук – each/every sound
Suggests you notice every individual sound, one by one, very attentively. - все звуки – all the sounds
More collective: the whole mass of sounds as a group.
So:
- я слушаю каждый звук вокруг
→ I am extremely attentive, picking up every single sound. - я слушаю все звуки вокруг
→ I am listening to all the sounds (more general, less “one by one”).
Case:
- каждый звук here is accusative singular, direct object of слушаю:
- слушаю (что?) каждый звук
Вокруг can function in two ways:
- Preposition: вокруг кого? / чего? – around (someone/something)
- Вокруг дома. – Around the house.
- Adverb: just “around”, with the object understood from context
- Посмотри вокруг. – Look around.
In каждый звук вокруг, вокруг is used as an adverb:
каждый звук вокруг (меня / нас) – every sound around (me / us).
Russian often leaves out the pronoun (меня, нас) if it’s obvious. So the phrase is shortened but still natural.
Детям is dative plural of дети (children).
The verb объяснять follows this pattern:
- объяснять кому? что? – to explain *to whom? what?*
So:
- объясняю детям (кому?) – I explain to the children
- объясняю правила (что?) – I explain the rules
Forms:
- дети – nominative plural (subject): Дети играют.
- детей – genitive/accusative plural: Я вижу детей.
- детям – dative plural (indirect object): Я помогаю детям.
Here we need кому? → детям.
This is a typical “NOUN + NOUN in genitive” structure:
- правила безопасности
= rules of safety / safety rules
Breakdown:
- правила – nominative plural of правило (rule)
- безопасности – genitive singular of безопасность (safety)
Pattern:
- правила чего? – безопасности
rules of what? – of safety
This pattern is extremely common:
- правила дорожного движения – traffic rules
- правила поведения – rules of behavior
The standard government for объяснять / объяснить is:
- объяснять кому? что? – to explain to whom? what?
So in the sentence:
- объясняю детям правила безопасности
- детям – dative (кому?) → “to the children”
- правила безопасности – accusative (что?) → “the safety rules”
Compare:
- Я объясняю студентам грамматику. – I explain grammar to the students.
- Он объяснил мне задачу. – He explained the problem to me.
Same pattern: кому (dative) + что (accusative).
Russian comma rules require a comma between:
- a subordinate clause and
- the main clause.
Here:
- Когда толпа медленно двигается, – subordinate clause (introduced by когда)
- я слушаю... и объясняю... – main clause
So you must write:
- Когда толпа медленно двигается, я слушаю каждый звук вокруг и объясняю детям правила безопасности.
If you reverse the order, you still need a comma:
- Я слушаю каждый звук вокруг и объясняю детям правила безопасности, когда толпа медленно двигается.
In the original sentence, я is written only once:
- я слушаю каждый звук вокруг и объясняю детям правила безопасности.
This is normal: with the same subject for both verbs linked by и, you don’t repeat the pronoun.
You could also:
- Omit the first-person pronoun entirely in informal or context-rich speech:
- Слушаю каждый звук вокруг и объясняю детям правила безопасности.
Because the verbs are in 1st person singular (слушаю, объясняю), the subject я is still clear from the verb endings, so dropping я is grammatically fine and sounds quite natural in many contexts.
Yes, but the meaning changes because of aspect and tense:
- объясняю – present tense, imperfective
- Describes a current ongoing action or a habit:
- I am explaining / I (usually) explain.
- Describes a current ongoing action or a habit:
- объясню – future tense, perfective (from объяснить)
- Describes a single, completed action in the future:
- I will (once) explain / I will have explained.
- Describes a single, completed action in the future:
In the given sentence, we’re talking about what the speaker does whenever the crowd moves slowly, i.e. a habitual reaction. That calls for the imperfective present:
- Когда ... двигается, я объясняю детям правила безопасности.
If you said:
- Когда толпа медленно двигается, я объясню детям правила безопасности.
it would sound more like a promise about the future in that situation:
“When the crowd is moving slowly (on that particular occasion), then I will explain the safety rules to the children (once).” This is a different nuance.