A equipe começou o resgate?

Here A means the, not a.

That is because equipe is a feminine singular noun in Portuguese, so its definite article is a:

• a equipe = the team

Compare:

• a equipe = the team
• uma equipe = a team

So in this sentence, A equipe means the team.

Portuguese has more than one word that can translate as team, depending on context.

• equipe is very common for a work team, emergency team, medical team, rescue team, etc.
• time is also used in Brazilian Portuguese, but it is especially common for sports teams.

So in a sentence about a rescue, equipe sounds natural:

• A equipe começou o resgate? = Did the team start the rescue?

Começou is the simple past of the verb começar (to begin / to start) for ele/ela/você.

So:

• eu comecei = I started
• você/ele/ela começou = you/he/she started
• a equipe começou = the team started

Even though equipe refers to multiple people, it is grammatically a singular noun, so the verb stays singular:

• A equipe começou = The team started

Because equipe is grammatically singular in Portuguese.

Portuguese usually matches the verb to the grammatical form of the noun, not to the number of people inside the group.

So:

• A equipe começou = correct
• A equipe começaram = not standard here

This is similar to English using singular collective nouns in some contexts, like The team is ready.

Good question. Começar can be used in more than one pattern.

1. começar + noun

   • começar o resgate = to begin/start the rescue

2. começar a + infinitive

   • começar a resgatar = to begin/start rescuing

So both structures are possible, but they mean slightly different things:

• A equipe começou o resgate?
  = Did the team start the rescue operation?

• A equipe começou a resgatar?
  = Did the team begin rescuing?

The version with o resgate focuses on the event/operation as a noun.

Because resgate is a masculine singular noun, so it takes the article o:

• o resgate = the rescue

This gives us:

• A equipe começou o resgate?

Notice the contrast:

• a equipe — feminine noun
• o resgate — masculine noun

The article changes to match the gender of the noun.

Normally, no. In standard Portuguese, that sounds unnatural here.

You would usually say:

• A equipe começou o resgate? = Did the team start the rescue?
• A equipe começou um resgate? = Did the team start a rescue?

The article is important because resgate is being used as a countable noun referring to a specific event or operation.

In Portuguese, yes/no questions are often formed with the same word order as a statement. The difference comes from:

• intonation in speech
• the question mark in writing

So:

• A equipe começou o resgate. = The team started the rescue.
• A equipe começou o resgate? = Did the team start the rescue?

Unlike English, Portuguese usually does not need did or subject-verb inversion.

In Brazilian Portuguese, começou is approximately:

• ko-me-SOW

A few details:

• the stress is on the last syllable: çou
• ç sounds like s
• ou in Brazilian Portuguese often sounds like oh or a smooth o sound, not like English ow

So começou sounds roughly like ko-me-SOH / ko-me-SOW, depending on how narrowly you describe it.

A rough pronunciation guide for Brazilian Portuguese is:

• A equipe começou o resgate?
• ah eh-KEE-pee ko-me-SOH oo hez-GAH-chee?

A few notes:

• equipe is stressed on qui: e-QUI-pe
• resgate in Brazil often sounds like hez-GAH-chee or hez-GAH-tee, depending on accent
• the r in resgate at the beginning is often pronounced like an English h in many Brazilian accents

This is only an approximation, but it can help you get close.

Yes. Portuguese simple past often covers meanings that English may express in more than one way depending on context.

So A equipe começou o resgate? can correspond to:

• Did the team start the rescue?
• Has the team started the rescue?

The exact English translation depends on the situation. Portuguese does not always make the same tense distinction that English does here.

Resgate most commonly means rescue, but it can also mean recovery, retrieval, or even redemption/ransom-related retrieval depending on context.

In this sentence, with equipe and começou, the natural meaning is:

• rescue operation
• the rescue

So A equipe começou o resgate? is understood as asking whether the rescue effort has begun.

Yes. Iniciar also means to begin / to start, and this version is perfectly natural:

• A equipe iniciou o resgate?

Compared with começou, iniciou can sound a little more formal or technical in some contexts, but both are correct.

• começou = started / began
• iniciou = initiated / started / began

In news reports, official statements, or formal descriptions, iniciou is especially common.