Meu ombro dói depois do treinamento.

Because the verb is doer (to hurt / to ache), and dói is the third-person singular form in the present tense.

• meu ombro = my shoulder
• ombro is the subject of the verb
• so Portuguese uses he/she/it hurts grammar:
  • Meu ombro dói. = My shoulder hurts.

Compare:

• Eu doo = I donate / I give away
  This comes from a different verb, doar, not doer.

So dói is correct here because it means hurts.

Portuguese often expresses body pain with the body part as the subject:

• Meu ombro dói. = My shoulder hurts.
• Minha cabeça dói. = My head hurts.

This is very natural in Portuguese, just as in English we can say My shoulder hurts.

You can also hear other structures, such as:

• Estou com dor no ombro. = I have pain in my shoulder.
• Tenho dor no ombro. = I have shoulder pain.

But Meu ombro dói is completely normal and very direct.

Both are possible, but meu ombro is more neutral and common in many contexts.

In Brazilian Portuguese, possessives can appear:

• without the article: meu ombro
• with the article: o meu ombro

So both can mean my shoulder.

Very roughly:

• meu ombro = simpler, very common
• o meu ombro = sometimes a little more specific or emphatic, depending on context

In this sentence, meu ombro dói sounds perfectly natural.

do is a contraction of:

• de
  • o = do

So:

• depois de o treinamento becomes depois do treinamento

This is extremely common in Portuguese.

Other similar contractions:

• de + a = da
• em + o = no
• em + a = na

So depois do treinamento literally means after the training.

Because depois normally requires the preposition de before a noun.

So:

• depois do treinamento = after the training
• depois da aula = after class
• depois do trabalho = after work

You cannot normally drop that de before a noun.

Also compare:

• depois de treinar = after training / after working out
  Here de is also present, but it comes before a verb in the infinitive.

Both exist, but treino is often more common in everyday Brazilian Portuguese when talking about exercise, sports, or gym routines.

• depois do treinamento = correct, understandable, a bit more formal or technical
• depois do treino = very natural in everyday speech

So a Brazilian might very naturally say:

• Meu ombro dói depois do treino.

But the original sentence is still correct.

Dói is pronounced roughly like DOY in English.

A few points:

• the ó is a stressed open o
• ói forms a diphthong, sounding like oy

So:

• dói ≈ DOY

The written accent mark helps show the stressed vowel.

The accent mark in dói shows stress and helps indicate pronunciation.

Without getting too technical, it tells you that the word is stressed on that vowel sound:

• dói

For learners, the important thing is:

• keep the stress on dói
• pronounce it as one strong syllable, roughly DOY

Accent marks in Portuguese are important because they can affect both pronunciation and, sometimes, meaning.

Because this sentence uses a different structure.

It is not saying:

• I have pain in my shoulder

It is saying:

• My shoulder hurts

In that structure, meu ombro is simply the subject, so no preposition is needed.

Compare:

• Meu ombro dói. = My shoulder hurts.
• Estou com dor no ombro. = I have pain in my shoulder.

In the second sentence, you do get no ombro (in the shoulder), because the grammar is different.

It can be used for both physical and emotional pain.

Physical:

• Meu ombro dói. = My shoulder hurts.

Emotional:

• Isso dói. = That hurts.
• O que você disse doeu. = What you said hurt.

So doer is a flexible verb, much like hurt in English.

Yes. Both are common, but they can feel slightly different.

• Meu ombro dói. = My shoulder hurts.
  This is a general present statement.
• Meu ombro está doendo. = My shoulder is hurting.
  This emphasizes that the pain is happening right now.

In real conversation, está doendo is extremely common when talking about current pain.

Because ombro is a masculine noun in Portuguese.

That is why it goes with:

• meu ombro
• o ombro
• do ombro

Grammatical gender in Portuguese does not always match any logical rule from English, so it often just has to be learned with the noun.

A useful habit is to learn nouns with their article:

• o ombro = the shoulder

Yes, absolutely. That sounds natural too.

Both are correct:

• Meu ombro dói depois do treinamento.
• Depois do treinamento, meu ombro dói.

The difference is mainly emphasis:

• starting with Meu ombro dói emphasizes the pain
• starting with Depois do treinamento emphasizes the time/context

This kind of word order flexibility is common in Portuguese.