Eu vejo o barco.

Yes. In Brazilian Portuguese, eu can often be omitted because the verb form vejo already shows that the subject is I.

So both are possible:

• Eu vejo o barco.
• Vejo o barco.

Including eu can add emphasis, clarity, or contrast, for example if you want to stress I see it, not someone else.

Vejo is the 1st person singular form of the verb ver, which means to see.

The infinitive is:

• ver = to see

But when you conjugate it in the present tense, it changes:

• eu vejo = I see
• você/ele/ela vê = you/he/she sees
• nós vemos = we see

So vejo is simply the conjugated form, not the dictionary form.

It is mostly regular-looking, but it has an important irregularity in the present tense, especially in the eu form:

• eu vejo
• not eu vero

That j in vejo is something learners need to memorize. Also note:

• ele vê
• eles veem

So ver is common enough that it is worth learning as its own pattern.

O is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• o barco = the boat
• um barco = a boat

Portuguese uses articles very often, sometimes more often than English does. In this sentence, o barco refers to a specific boat: the boat.

Because barco is a masculine singular noun.

In Portuguese, nouns have grammatical gender, and articles must match them:

• o = the for masculine singular
• a = the for feminine singular

So:

• o barco = the boat
• a casa = the house

Even though a boat is not biologically male, the word barco is grammatically masculine.

Usually, you learn the noun together with its article:

• o barco
• not just barco

That is the safest habit. Many masculine nouns end in -o, and barco does, so that fits a common pattern. But since there are exceptions in Portuguese, it is best to memorize nouns with their article.

Yes, this sentence uses the standard word order:

• Eu = subject
• vejo = verb
• o barco = object

So it follows the same basic pattern as I see the boat:

Subject + Verb + Object

Portuguese can sometimes change word order for emphasis or style, but this sentence is the normal, neutral order.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

eh-ooh VEH-zhoo oo BAR-koo

A slightly more natural Brazilian pronunciation is often closer to:

eu VE-zhu u BAR-ku

A few useful notes:

• eu sounds roughly like eh-ooh said quickly together
• vejo has a zh sound, like the s in measure
• o often sounds like oo in normal Brazilian speech
• r in barco varies by region, but in much of Brazil it is a soft throaty sound

Usually, eu vejo means I see, but in many contexts Portuguese also uses the simple present where English might use the present progressive.

So depending on context, eu vejo o barco could mean:

• I see the boat
• I’m seeing the boat

However, if you specifically want to emphasize an ongoing action right now, Brazilian Portuguese often uses:

• Eu estou vendo o barco. = I am seeing / I am looking at the boat right now

In everyday language, both structures can appear, but estou vendo makes the ongoing action clearer.

Yes, ver can sometimes be used more broadly, just like see in English.

For example, Portuguese can use ver in senses like:

• to see physically
• to understand
• to check
• to meet with / see someone

But in Eu vejo o barco, the most natural reading is the literal one: you physically see the boat.

Yes, it is completely natural and correct. It is a simple, straightforward sentence.

In real conversation, though, a Brazilian might also say:

• Vejo o barco. if eu is not needed
• Estou vendo o barco. if they want to stress that they are seeing it right now
• Eu consigo ver o barco. = I can see the boat

So your original sentence is correct, even if other natural variants are also common.