Możemy iść tędy do domu, bo jest bliżej.

Możemy means we can or we are able to. It is the 1st person plural form of móc (to be able to / can).

So:

• mogę = I can
• możesz = you can
• może = he/she/it can
• możemy = we can

In this sentence, Możemy iść... means We can go...

This is a very common question, because Polish has two common verbs for to go on foot:

• iść = to go, to be going, in one specific direction / on one occasion
• chodzić = to go around, to go habitually, to walk in general / repeatedly

Here, the sentence is about one specific trip home, so iść is the right choice:

• Możemy iść tędy do domu = We can go this way home

If you said Możemy chodzić tędy do domu, it would sound more like We can regularly go this way home or we can use this route in general.

Tędy means this way, through here, or along this route.

It is used to indicate a path or direction. In this sentence:

• Możemy iść tędy do domu = We can go this way home

It is not the same as just tu (here).
Compare:

• tu = here, in this place
• tędy = through here / this way / by this route

So tędy focuses on the route, not just the location.

After the preposition do (to, into, toward in some contexts), Polish uses the genitive case.

The noun dom changes in the genitive singular:

• nominative: dom = house/home
• genitive: domu

So:

• do domu = to home / home

This is the normal Polish expression for going home.

In Polish, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

Here, możemy already tells us the subject is we.

So Polish usually says:

• Możemy iść tędy. = We can go this way.

You could add my (we) for emphasis:

• My możemy iść tędy.

But that would sound more like We can go this way (as opposed to someone else).

Bo means because.

In this sentence:

• ..., bo jest bliżej. = ..., because it’s closer.

Yes, it is similar to ponieważ, which also means because, but bo is more common in everyday spoken Polish and feels more natural in casual conversation.

Compare:

• Możemy iść tędy do domu, bo jest bliżej. = natural, everyday
• Możemy iść tędy do domu, ponieważ jest bliżej. = correct, slightly more formal

Polish often leaves out subjects when they are understood from context.

English needs it’s closer, but Polish can simply say:

• jest bliżej = is closer / it’s closer

The unstated subject here is something like this way / this route / this path. Polish does not need to say it explicitly.

So the idea is:

• bo jest bliżej = because this way is closer

Bliżej is the comparative form meaning closer / more near.

It is related to:

• blisko = near / close
• bliżej = nearer / closer

In this sentence, bliżej works in a general predicative way: it is closer.

You may also see:

• bliski = close, near (adjective)
• bliższy = closer (adjective comparative)

For example:

• Ten dom jest bliski. = This house is near/close.
• Ten dom jest bliższy. = This house is closer.

But in route/distance expressions, Polish very often uses bliżej:

• Tędy jest bliżej. = It’s closer this way.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, and several versions are possible.

For example:

• Możemy iść tędy do domu, bo jest bliżej.
• Tędy możemy iść do domu, bo jest bliżej.
• Możemy tędy iść do domu, bo jest bliżej.

These all mean roughly the same thing, but the focus changes slightly.

• Możemy iść tędy... = neutral
• Tędy możemy iść... = emphasizes this way
• Możemy tędy iść... = also fine, slightly different rhythm/focus

The original sentence is a very natural neutral choice.

Polish does not have articles like English a/an/the.

So where English says:

• the house
• a house
• the way

Polish simply uses the noun, and context tells you the meaning.

In this sentence:

• do domu can mean home, to the house, or to the home, depending on context

Very often, dom in expressions like iść do domu is best translated as go home, not literally go to the house.

No. Literally, do domu is to the house/home, but in natural English it is usually translated as home after verbs of movement.

So:

• Idę do domu. = I’m going home.
• Wracamy do domu. = We’re returning home.

English usually does not say go to home, but Polish does use do here. This is just a normal difference between the two languages.