Ta, która ma inhalator, powinna usiąść spokojnie i oddychać powoli.

Ta is the feminine singular form of the demonstrative pronoun ten / ta / to.

In this sentence, ta means something like:

• that one
• the woman/girl/person who... if the person is understood from context

So Ta, która ma inhalator... is roughly The one who has the inhaler..., referring to a female person.

Whether you translate it as this or that depends on context, but in Polish ta often works like the one when followed by a relative clause.

Która is the feminine singular form of który, meaning who/which/that in a relative clause.

It matches ta in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular
• case: nominative, because it is the subject of ma

So:

• ta = feminine singular
• która = feminine singular, referring back to ta

If the sentence referred to a man, you would get:

• Ten, który ma inhalator...

If it referred to several people:

• Ci, którzy mają inhalator... / Te, które mają inhalator... depending on the group

Because in Polish, subordinate clauses introduced by words like który, że, bo, kiedy, etc. are normally separated by commas.

So in:

• Ta, która ma inhalator, powinna...

the relative clause która ma inhalator is enclosed by commas.

This is different from English, where commas depend more on whether the clause is restrictive or non-restrictive. In Polish, the comma is much more regular here.

Because inhalator is a masculine inanimate noun, and in the accusative singular masculine inanimate nouns usually look the same as the nominative.

So:

• nominative: inhalator
• accusative: inhalator

Since mieć takes a direct object, we need the accusative:

• ma inhalator = has an inhaler

Compare that with a masculine animate noun:

• widzę psa = I see a dog

There, the accusative changes.

Powinna is the feminine singular form of powinien / powinna / powinno, which means:

• should
• ought to

It agrees with the person being talked about:

• on powinien = he should
• ona powinna = she should
• oni powinni = they should

So here powinna is feminine because the sentence refers to ta.

These verbs are related but not identical:

• usiąść = to sit down (perfective, one completed action)
• siadać = to sit down / be sitting down repeatedly or imperfectively
• siedzieć = to be sitting

In this sentence, the idea is she should sit down as a single action. That is why usiąść is used.

So:

• powinna usiąść = she should sit down

If you said powinna siedzieć, that would mean she should be sitting.

Because breathing is an ongoing action, not a single completed event.

• oddychać = to breathe (imperfective, ongoing/repeated)
• a perfective verb would suggest a completed result, which does not fit well here

In medical or practical instructions, Polish often uses the imperfective for continuous actions:

• oddychać powoli = breathe slowly

This sounds natural because the person is supposed to keep doing it.

Here spokojnie most likely means calmly.

It comes from spokojny = calm, მშვიდ? no, in English: calm/quiet.

Depending on context, spokojnie can mean:

• calmly
• quietly
• take it easy
• don’t panic

In this sentence, because it is about someone with an inhaler, the intended meaning is probably:

• sit down calmly
• sit down and stay calm

So spokojnie is not just about making no noise; it is more about being calm and composed.

Because they are adverbs, not adjectives.

They describe how the actions are done:

• usiąść spokojnie = sit down calmly
• oddychać powoli = breathe slowly

Compare:

• spokojna osoba = a calm person → adjective
• spokojnie usiąść = to sit down calmly → adverb

And:

• powolny ruch = a slow movement → adjective
• powoli oddychać = to breathe slowly → adverb

Yes. Polish word order is fairly flexible.

This sentence could also be said as:

• Ta, która ma inhalator, powinna spokojnie usiąść i powoli oddychać.

That may sound slightly more balanced because each adverb sits close to the verb it modifies.

The original:

• powinna usiąść spokojnie i oddychać powoli

is also correct and natural.

Polish often moves words around for rhythm, emphasis, or style more freely than English does.

Grammatically, ta is feminine singular, so yes, it refers to a feminine noun or a female person.

But that does not always mean the speaker is emphasizing biological sex. It may refer to an understood feminine noun such as:

• osoba (person) — feminine
• kobieta (woman)
• dziewczyna (girl)

So depending on context, it could mean:

• that woman
• that girl
• that person if the hidden noun is osoba

If you wanted a more explicitly neutral wording, Polish might say:

• Ta osoba, która ma inhalator, powinna...

Both are possible.

• Ta, która ma inhalator... sounds natural if the context already makes it clear who is being referred to.
• Ta osoba, która ma inhalator... is clearer if you want to be explicit.

Polish often omits the noun when it is obvious, just as English can say the one who has the inhaler.

So the shorter version is quite normal.

Yes, inhalator can refer more generally to an inhalation device, but in many everyday contexts it is understood as an inhaler.

If the broader medical context were different, it could refer to another inhalation device, but for most learners the practical meaning here is simply:

• inhaler

Because Polish often leaves out subject pronouns when the verb form already shows who is meant.

Here:

• powinna already tells you the subject is she / feminine singular

So adding ona would usually be unnecessary unless you want emphasis.

Polish is much more comfortable than English with omitting pronouns when they are clear from the verb or context.

Yes. That is the normal pattern.

• powinien / powinna / powinni + infinitive

Examples:

• Powinna usiąść. = She should sit down.
• Powinien zadzwonić. = He should call.
• Powinni poczekać. = They should wait.

So powinna usiąść and oddychać fit a very common structure.

Because one powinna can govern more than one infinitive.

So:

• powinna usiąść spokojnie i oddychać powoli

means:

• she should sit down calmly and breathe slowly

This is just like English:

• She should sit down and breathe slowly

You could repeat it for emphasis, but it is not necessary:

• powinna usiąść spokojnie i powinna oddychać powoli

That would sound more emphatic or formal.

Not exactly.

• usiąść spokojnie = sit down calmly / in a calm manner
• usiąść i uspokoić się = sit down and calm down

The original sentence suggests calm behavior while sitting down.
The second version more explicitly says the person should become calm.

So they are related, but not identical.

A learner might break it down like this:

• Ta — nominative feminine singular
• która — nominative feminine singular
• inhalator — accusative singular (same form as nominative because it is masculine inanimate)

The verbs do not add any extra visible case endings here because:

• ma takes a direct object → inhalator
• powinna usiąść and oddychać use infinitives

So the main case point to notice is really inhalator in the accusative.

Usually that would not sound complete in standard Polish.

Która ma inhalator... by itself feels like the one who has the inhaler..., but without a clear main noun or pronoun to attach to.

So Polish normally wants:

• Ta, która ma inhalator...
• Osoba, która ma inhalator...
• Kobieta, która ma inhalator...

The ta helps create the structure the one who...