Nie mogę teraz odebrać połączenia, bo jestem na spotkaniu.

Because Polish often uses the genitive for a direct object in a negative sentence.

• Positive: Mogę odebrać połączenie = I can answer the call.
• Negative: Nie mogę odebrać połączenia = I can’t answer the call.

So połączenie is the basic dictionary form, but after negation it commonly changes to połączenia.

This is an aspect question.

• odebrać = perfective: to answer/pick up successfully, as a completed action
• odbierać = imperfective: to be answering, to answer repeatedly, or to answer in a general/habitual sense

In this sentence, the speaker means one specific action: answering this call right now. That is why odebrać sounds natural.

Yes. Literally, połączenie can mean connection, but in phone language it also means call.

So odebrać połączenie means to answer a call.

This wording is a bit more neutral or slightly formal/technical. In everyday speech, people also often say:

• odebrać telefon
• odebrać rozmowę

or simply use other natural phrases depending on context.

Because after na in the sense of at an event or activity, Polish often uses the locative case.

• dictionary form: spotkanie = meeting
• locative singular: spotkaniu

So:

• na spotkaniu = at a meeting

This is very common with events and activities, for example:

• na lekcji = in class
• na obiedzie = at lunch
• na zebraniu = at a meeting/assembly

bo means because.

It is very common and natural in everyday Polish. It is not slang, but it is less formal than words like:

• ponieważ
• gdyż

So in normal speech, bo is often the most natural choice.

Because Polish usually drops subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

Here:

• mogę already means I can
• jestem already means I am

So ja is unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast, for example:

• Ja nie mogę odebrać połączenia = I can’t answer the call

That sounds more emphatic.

Yes. Polish word order is fairly flexible, and changes in order often affect emphasis, not the basic meaning.

The given sentence is very natural:

• Nie mogę teraz odebrać połączenia, bo jestem na spotkaniu.

You could move teraz, but the result may sound slightly different in focus:

• Teraz nie mogę odebrać połączenia... = emphasis on right now
• Nie mogę odebrać połączenia teraz... = possible, but less natural in many contexts

So the original version is a good standard choice.

Yes, especially in a business, voicemail, or text-message context.

It sounds natural and polite. That said, many people in everyday speech might say something slightly simpler, such as:

• Nie mogę teraz odebrać telefonu, bo jestem na spotkaniu.
• Nie mogę teraz rozmawiać, bo jestem na spotkaniu.

The original sentence is still perfectly correct and natural.

mogę is the 1st person singular present tense form of móc, which means can / be able to.

So:

• mogę = I can
• nie mogę = I can’t

This is an irregular verb, so it is worth memorizing separately.

Because bo introduces a clause giving the reason, and in Polish that clause is normally separated by a comma.

So:

• Nie mogę teraz odebrać połączenia, bo jestem na spotkaniu.

That comma is standard Polish punctuation.