Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika, który kupiłam w małym sklepie obok rynku.

Because bransoletka is a feminine noun in Polish, and the demonstrative this has to agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

So in the nominative singular:

• ten = masculine
• ta = feminine
• to = neuter

Since bransoletka is feminine, you say ta bransoletka = this bracelet.

The verb pasować in the sense of to match / to go well with / to suit commonly takes the preposition do, and do requires the genitive case.

So:

• naszyjnik = necklace
• do naszyjnika = to the necklace / with the necklace

In natural English, Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika means This bracelet matches the necklace.

A learner often expects something more like matches with, but in Polish the standard pattern is:

• coś pasuje do czegoś = something matches something

Examples:

• Ta sukienka pasuje do butów.
• Ten kolor pasuje do twoich oczu.

Because after do, Polish uses the genitive case.

The basic form is:

• naszyjnik = necklace

But after do:

• do naszyjnika

This is a very common pattern:

• do domu = to the house
• do sklepu = to the shop
• do miasta = to the city
• do naszyjnika = to the necklace

So the ending changes because the grammar requires it, not because the meaning of necklace changes.

Który is a relative pronoun, meaning which / that / whom, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• naszyjnika, który kupiłam...
• the necklace, which/that I bought...

It introduces extra information about naszyjnik.

A very literal breakdown is:

• Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika = This bracelet matches the necklace
• który kupiłam... = which/that I bought...

So który links the second part back to naszyjnika.

This is a very common question. Even though naszyjnika is in the genitive after do, the relative pronoun is chosen based on the role it plays inside its own clause, not the case of the noun before it.

Here, in the clause:

• który kupiłam

the pronoun means which / that, and it is the direct object of kupiłam.

Since kupić takes a direct object in the accusative, and because the noun it refers to is masculine inanimate (naszyjnik), the accusative form is the same as the nominative:

• który

So:

• naszyjnika is genitive because of do
• który is accusative/nominative form because it is the object of kupiłam

If it referred to a masculine animate noun, you would see a different form more clearly.

Because the speaker is female.

In the past tense, Polish verbs agree with the gender of the speaker in the singular:

• kupiłem = I bought (male speaker)
• kupiłam = I bought (female speaker)

So this sentence tells you that the person speaking is female.

If a man said it, it would be:

• Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika, który kupiłem w małym sklepie obok rynku.

Because the preposition w meaning in requires the locative case when it refers to location.

So:

• mały sklep = a small shop/store
• w małym sklepie = in a small shop/store

Both the noun and the adjective change:

• sklep → sklepie
• mały → małym

This is standard agreement:

• adjective matches noun in gender, number, and case

Other examples:

• w dużym domu = in a big house
• w nowym mieście = in a new city

Because obok means next to / beside, and it normally takes the genitive case.

Base form:

• rynek = market square

After obok:

• obok rynku = next to the market square

So again, the noun changes because of the preposition.

This is important because rynek in Polish often means the town square / market square, not just market in the general commercial sense.

So mały sklep obok rynku usually suggests:

• a small shop next to the town square

Not exactly in the everyday English sense of a place where people buy and sell goods at stalls.

In Polish, rynek often means the main square in a town or city, especially the historic central square. Depending on context, obok rynku is often best understood as:

• next to the market square
• next to the town square

So although market is a dictionary meaning, learners should know that rynek often refers to a physical central square.

Yes, Polish word order is relatively flexible, but this version is very natural.

The sentence:

• Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika, który kupiłam w małym sklepie obok rynku.

is neutral and clear:

1. statement about the bracelet
2. identification of the necklace
3. extra detail about where it was bought

You could rearrange parts for emphasis, for example:

• Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika, który w małym sklepie obok rynku kupiłam.

But that sounds more marked or literary. For normal use, the original order is best.

In this sentence, it most naturally works as identifying information: it tells you which necklace is meant.

So the sense is:

• This bracelet matches the necklace that I bought in the small shop next to the market square.

In English, that often sounds very natural here. In Polish, the same relative pronoun który is used.

Even though there is a comma before który, Polish punctuation does not work exactly like English punctuation in restrictive vs non-restrictive relative clauses. In Polish, a clause introduced by który is normally set off with a comma.

Kupiłam is perfective, from kupić, and it means I bought as a completed action.

That fits well here because the necklace was bought in a completed event:

• the necklace that I bought

If you used kupowałam instead, that would be imperfective and would suggest an ongoing, repeated, or background action:

• which I was buying / used to buy

That would sound strange in this sentence unless the context specifically required it.

So:

• kupiłam = I bought, completed event
• kupowałam = I was buying / used to buy

Normally, no. For match / suit / go well with, the standard Polish pattern is:

• pasować do + genitive

So the natural sentence is:

• Ta bransoletka pasuje do naszyjnika.

Using z here would not be the normal way to express this idea. A native speaker would expect do after pasować in this meaning.

A fairly literal breakdown is:

• Ta = this
• bransoletka = bracelet
• pasuje = matches / goes well / fits
• do naszyjnika = to the necklace
• który = which / that
• kupiłam = I bought (female speaker)
• w małym sklepie = in a small shop
• obok rynku = next to the market square

So very literally:

• This bracelet matches to the necklace which I bought in a small shop next to the market square.

But natural English would be:

• This bracelet matches the necklace that I bought in the small shop next to the market square.