Gdy telefon jest rozładowany, nie mogę odebrać połączenia ani oddzwonić.

Here gdy means when.

It is very close to kiedy, and in many everyday sentences they are interchangeable. The main difference is that gdy can sound a little more neutral or slightly more written/literary.

So:

• Gdy telefon jest rozładowany...
• Kiedy telefon jest rozładowany...

Both are correct.

Because Gdy telefon jest rozładowany is a subordinate clause introduced by gdy.

In Polish, subordinate clauses are separated by a comma. Since that clause comes first, the comma marks where it ends:

• Gdy telefon jest rozładowany, nie mogę...

If you reversed the order, you would still use a comma:

• Nie mogę odebrać połączenia ani oddzwonić, gdy telefon jest rozładowany.

Rozładowany means discharged, drained, or out of charge.

With a phone, it usually means the battery is dead or empty. So telefon jest rozładowany is a natural Polish way to say that the phone has no charge.

Grammatically, rozładowany is an adjective-like form that agrees with telefon:

• telefon is masculine singular
• so we get rozładowany

Compare:

• telefon jest rozładowany
• bateria jest rozładowana

Because Polish often leaves out subject pronouns when they are already clear from the verb form.

Mogę already means I can, so ja is not necessary.

• nie mogę = I can’t

You could say ja nie mogę, but that adds emphasis, like:

• I can’t (as opposed to someone else)
• I’m the one who can’t

The main verb is móc = to be able to / can.

Here:

• mogę = I can
• nie mogę = I can’t

After móc, Polish uses the infinitive:

• mogę odebrać = I can answer
• mogę oddzwonić = I can call back

So the structure is:

• nie mogę
  • infinitive + ani
    • infinitive

That is a very common pattern in Polish.

Because odebrać and oddzwonić are perfective verbs, and they fit the idea of a single completed action:

• odebrać = to answer / pick up successfully
• oddzwonić = to call back successfully

This sentence is about specific actions connected with a call, so the perfective forms sound natural.

The imperfective forms:

• odbierać
• oddzwaniać

would suggest repeated, habitual, or ongoing actions more than one completed event.

This is a very common Polish pattern: after negation, the direct object is often put in the genitive instead of the accusative.

Compare:

• affirmative: mogę odebrać połączenie
• negative: nie mogę odebrać połączenia

So:

• połączenie = accusative/nominative singular
• połączenia = genitive singular

This is called the genitive of negation. It is standard and very useful to recognize.

Ani here means nor, or in natural English often just or after a negative verb.

So:

• nie mogę odebrać połączenia ani oddzwonić

means:

• I can neither answer the call nor call back
• or more naturally: I can’t answer the call or call back

A very common pattern is:

• nie... ani...
• nie mogę X ani Y

You can also say a more symmetrical version:

• Nie mogę ani odebrać połączenia, ani oddzwonić.

That is a bit more emphatic.

Because the object is understood from context.

Oddzwonić means to call back, so if there has already been a call, Polish often does not need to repeat who or what is being called back.

If needed, you can make it more explicit, for example:

• oddzwonić do kogoś = to call someone back

But in this sentence, leaving it on its own sounds completely natural.

Very close, yes.

Both can mean to answer a call.

The difference is mostly stylistic:

• odebrać telefon is very common in everyday speech
• odebrać połączenie sounds a bit more literal, neutral, or technical

So both are correct, but połączenie focuses more directly on the call/connection itself.