To jest kobieta, której mąż pracuje w szpitalu.

To jest is a very common way to say this is / that is / it is when identifying someone or something.

So:

• To jest kobieta = This/That is a woman
• In natural English here, it becomes This is the woman... or That is the woman..., depending on context.

In Polish, to often introduces an identification, and jest is is.

You may also hear:

• To kobieta... — slightly shorter, also common
• Jest to kobieta... — more formal or stylistic

Because after to jest in this kind of identifying sentence, Polish normally uses the nominative, not the instrumental.

So:

• To jest kobieta — correct
• kobieta is nominative singular

Learners often expect instrumental because after plain jest Polish sometimes uses instrumental:

• Ona jest kobietą = She is a woman

But with the structure to jest ..., nominative is standard:

• To jest kobieta
• To jest lekarz
• To jest dom

So this is an important pattern to remember.

Here której means whose.

So:

• kobieta, której mąż... = the woman whose husband...

It comes from the relative pronoun która / który / które, but in this sentence it appears in a different case form.

The basic idea is:

• która = who/which (feminine form in nominative)
• której = a feminine form used in cases like genitive, dative, or locative

In this sentence, it is best understood as expressing possession:

• whose husband = której mąż

Because the clause is not saying the woman who works in the hospital. It is saying the woman whose husband works in the hospital.

Compare:

• kobieta, która pracuje w szpitalu = the woman who works in the hospital
• kobieta, której mąż pracuje w szpitalu = the woman whose husband works in the hospital

So:

• która would make kobieta the subject of pracuje
• której shows a relationship of possession: her husband

That is why której is needed here.

It is genitive singular feminine here.

Why genitive? Because Polish often uses the genitive to express a possessive relationship in relative clauses of this type:

• człowiek, którego brat... = the man whose brother...
• kobieta, której mąż... = the woman whose husband...

So even though English uses a special word whose, Polish often expresses the same idea through a case form of który.

Mąż is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the verb pracuje.

So in the clause:

• której mąż pracuje w szpitalu

the subject is:

• mąż = husband

and the verb is:

• pracuje = works

Szpitalu is locative singular.

That is because it follows w in the meaning in:

• w szpitalu = in the hospital / at the hospital

When w means location, it takes the locative:

• w domu = in the house / at home
• w szkole = at school
• w szpitalu = in the hospital

So:

• dictionary form: szpital
• locative singular: szpitalu

Because w szpitalu expresses location, while do szpitala expresses movement toward a place.

Compare:

• pracuje w szpitalu = works in/at a hospital
• idzie do szpitala = is going to the hospital

So in this sentence, the husband is not moving anywhere; the sentence only says where he works.

It can correspond to either in English, depending on context.

In this sentence, the natural English meaning is usually:

• works at a hospital or
• works in a hospital

Polish w szpitalu does not force the same distinction English sometimes makes between in and at. It simply gives the place.

Because której mąż pracuje w szpitalu is a relative clause describing kobieta.

In Polish, relative clauses introduced by words like:

• który
• która
• której
• którego

are normally separated by a comma.

So:

• To jest kobieta, której mąż pracuje w szpitalu.

The comma is standard and important in writing.

Yes. It is a subordinate relative clause.

It contains:

• a linking relative pronoun: której
• a subject: mąż
• a verb: pracuje
• a place expression: w szpitalu

So it is a complete clause that modifies kobieta.

No. The correct Polish word is szpital, not hospital.

So the correct phrase is:

• w szpitalu

This is a vocabulary issue rather than a grammar issue, but it is a very common confusion for English speakers because hospital looks familiar.

Not in the same structure.

• kobieta, której mąż pracuje w szpitalu = the woman whose husband works in the hospital

If you use jej mąż, you would normally need a different sentence structure, for example:

• To jest kobieta. Jej mąż pracuje w szpitalu. = This is the woman. Her husband works in the hospital.

Inside one relative clause attached to kobieta, Polish normally uses której, not jej.

Not exactly in the same way English does.

Polish usually expresses whose by using an appropriate case form of który:

• kobieta, której mąż... = the woman whose husband...
• mężczyzna, którego siostra... = the man whose sister...

So instead of one separate possessive relative pronoun like English whose, Polish uses the relative pronoun który in the right form.

Because Polish has no articles.

English distinguishes:

• a woman
• the woman

Polish does not use separate words for that. The meaning is understood from context.

So:

• kobieta can mean a woman or the woman
• mąż can mean a husband, the husband, or simply husband, depending on context

That is why one Polish sentence can sometimes be translated into English in more than one natural way.

Yes, Polish word order is fairly flexible, though not every version sounds equally natural in every context.

The standard neutral version is:

• To jest kobieta, której mąż pracuje w szpitalu.

Other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• To jest kobieta, której mąż w szpitalu pracuje.

This is grammatically possible, but less neutral and more marked.

For learners, the original word order is the best one to use.

A rough English-friendly guide would be:

• KTO-ray or KTO-rey

A few points:

• kt is pronounced fully at the start
• ó sounds like u
• ej sounds a bit like the vowel in English day, though not exactly

So której is roughly KTOO-rey, with the stress on the first syllable, because Polish usually stresses the second-to-last syllable:

• KTÓ-rej

Yes. Because Polish has no articles, the sentence can be translated in different ways depending on context:

• This is the woman whose husband works in the hospital.
• This is a woman whose husband works in a hospital.
• That is the woman whose husband works at the hospital.

The Polish grammar stays the same; the English article choice depends on what the speaker means in context.

It breaks down like this:

• To jest kobieta = This/That is a woman
• której mąż pracuje w szpitalu = whose husband works in the hospital

So the full pattern is:

• To jest + noun, + relative clause

A useful model to remember is:

• To jest człowiek, którego znam. = This is the man whom I know.
• To jest kobieta, której mąż pracuje w szpitalu. = This is the woman whose husband works in the hospital.

This is a very common Polish sentence pattern.