Ta spódnica jest ładna, ale na co dzień wolę dżinsy i wygodną bluzkę.

Because spódnica is a feminine noun in Polish.

Words that describe or point to a noun have to agree with it in gender, number, and usually case.

So:

• ta = this for a feminine singular noun
• spódnica = a feminine singular noun
• ładna = pretty/nice in the feminine singular form

That is why you get:

• ta spódnica
• jest ładna

Compare:

• ten dom jest ładny = this house is nice
• to krzesło jest ładne = this chair is nice
• ta spódnica jest ładna = this skirt is nice

So the endings change because Polish adjectives and demonstratives must match the noun.

It is in the nominative case.

In Ta spódnica jest ładna, spódnica is the subject of the sentence, and subjects are normally in the nominative.

You can see nominative agreement in all three words:

• ta — nominative feminine singular
• spódnica — nominative singular
• ładna — nominative feminine singular

So this whole part is built around the basic pattern:

• [subject] + jest + [description]

In the present tense, Polish normally does use jest when saying that something is something or is a certain way.

So:

• Ta spódnica jest ładna = This skirt is pretty.

You would not normally say:

• Ta spódnica ładna ❌

That sounds incomplete in standard Polish.

Polish can omit subject pronouns like ja, ty, on, but it usually does not omit the present-tense form of być in sentences like this.

Na co dzień means for everyday use, every day, or on a daily basis depending on context.

In this sentence, it means something like:

• for everyday wear
• in everyday life
• normally / day to day

So the contrast is:

• This skirt is nice, but for everyday use I prefer jeans and a comfortable blouse/top.

This is a fixed expression, so it is best learned as a chunk:

• na co dzień

You can also use it in other sentences:

• Na co dzień pracuję w domu. = I work from home on a daily basis.
• Na co dzień noszę sportowe buty. = I wear sneakers every day / for everyday wear.

Wolę is the 1st person singular form of the verb woleć, which means to prefer.

So:

• woleć = to prefer
• wolę = I prefer

Other forms include:

• wolisz = you prefer
• woli = he/she/it prefers
• wolimy = we prefer
• wolicie = you all prefer
• wolą = they prefer

In Polish, the subject pronoun ja is usually omitted because the verb ending already tells you who the subject is.

So:

• wolę already means I prefer
• ja wolę is possible, but usually only for emphasis

Because Polish often leaves out subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb ending.

The ending -ę in wolę tells you it means I prefer.

So:

• wolę = I prefer

Adding ja is possible, but it adds emphasis or contrast:

• Ja wolę dżinsy. = I prefer jeans.

Without emphasis, Polish usually sounds more natural without the pronoun:

• Na co dzień wolę dżinsy.

This is very different from English, where you normally must say I prefer.

In Polish, dżinsy is normally used as a plural noun, just like English jeans.

So:

• dżinsy = jeans

This is one of those clothing items that is usually talked about in the plural.

That is why the sentence says:

• wolę dżinsy

You may sometimes encounter singular forms in other contexts, but for the item of clothing, dżinsy is the normal everyday word.

Similar idea:

• English: These jeans are comfortable.
• Polish: Te dżinsy są wygodne.

Because bluzkę is a direct object after wolę, so it is in the accusative case.

The verb woleć takes the accusative:

• wolę kogo? co? = I prefer whom? what?

The dictionary form is:

• wygodna bluzka = a comfortable blouse/top

But after wolę, feminine singular nouns and their adjectives change:

• bluzka → bluzkę
• wygodna → wygodną

So:

• wolę wygodną bluzkę = I prefer a comfortable blouse/top

This is a very important pattern in Polish:

• feminine singular nominative: -a
• feminine singular accusative: -ę

and adjectives usually change:

• -a → -ą

Great question. It is still in the accusative, but for many non-masculine-personal plural nouns, the accusative looks exactly the same as the nominative.

So in this sentence:

• dżinsy is accusative plural
• but its form is the same as nominative plural

That is why you see:

• wolę dżinsy

with no visible change.

By contrast, bluzka is feminine singular, and feminine singular nouns usually do show a visible accusative ending:

• bluzka → bluzkę

So the difference is not that one word is in the accusative and the other is not. Both are objects of wolę. The difference is just that Polish case endings are not always visibly different for every noun type.

Bluzka often means blouse, but in everyday Polish it can also mean a women’s top more generally.

So depending on context, English translations might include:

• blouse
• top
• sometimes just shirt/top in a broad sense

In this sentence, a comfortable top/blouse is probably the most natural idea.

Polish clothing vocabulary does not always match English one-to-one, so it is best to think of bluzka as a fairly common general word for a woman’s upper garment.

Ale means but and introduces a clear contrast:

• Ta spódnica jest ładna, ale...
• This skirt is nice, but...

Here the speaker is saying:

1. the skirt is nice
2. however, for everyday wear they prefer something else

So ale is a very natural choice.

Polish also has a, which can sometimes mean and, while, or a softer kind of contrast. But in this sentence, ale works better because the contrast is stronger: the skirt is nice, but it is not what the speaker prefers for daily wear.

The given sentence is very natural:

• Ta spódnica jest ładna, ale na co dzień wolę dżinsy i wygodną bluzkę.

But Polish word order is more flexible than English, because case endings show grammatical roles.

For example, these are also possible with slightly different emphasis:

• Na co dzień wolę dżinsy i wygodną bluzkę, ale ta spódnica jest ładna.
• Ta spódnica jest ładna, ale wolę na co dzień dżinsy i wygodną bluzkę.

The original version sounds neutral and natural.
A good learner strategy is:

• first learn the standard word order
• then notice how changes in order affect emphasis

A few useful pronunciation points:

• dż in dżinsy sounds like the j in job
• ż normally sounds like the s in measure, but in dż it is part of that combined sound
• ó sounds like u
• ń is a soft n
• ę is a nasal vowel, though in normal speech its pronunciation can vary depending on what follows

Roughly:

• dżinsy ≈ JEEN-sih
• bluzkę ≈ bloo-skeh with a nasalized ending before the k

Also note stress: Polish usually stresses the second-to-last syllable:

• spódnica → spód-NI-ca
• wygodną → wy-GOD-ną
• bluzkę → BLUZ-kę

This sentence is a great example of three core Polish patterns:

1. Adjective agreement

   • ta spódnica
   • ładna
   • adjectives and demonstratives must match the noun

2. The verb + object in the accusative

   • wolę dżinsy i wygodną bluzkę
   • after woleć, the thing preferred is in the accusative

3. Dropping subject pronouns

   • wolę already means I prefer
   • no need to say ja unless you want emphasis

So if you remember one structure from this sentence, it could be:

• [something] jest [adjective], ale na co dzień wolę [object in accusative].

For example:

• Ta sukienka jest elegancka, ale na co dzień wolę T-shirt i szorty.
• Ten płaszcz jest ładny, ale na co dzień wolę kurtkę.