Chciałbym zaprosić moją rodzinę na obiad.

Chciałbym means I would like.

It is built from:

• chciał = wanted / would want (masculine form)
• bym = a particle that helps create the conditional meaning would

So chciałbym zaprosić... literally means something like I would like to invite...

A few important points:

• This form is used by a male speaker.
• A female speaker would say chciałabym.
• It is very commonly used to sound polite and natural, much like English I’d like to...

Examples:

• Chciałbym zamówić kawę. = I’d like to order a coffee.
• Chciałabym zadać pytanie. = I’d like to ask a question.

Because after chciałbym (I would like), Polish normally uses an infinitive to say what you would like to do.

So:

• chciałbym zaprosić = I would like to invite
• chciałbym kupić = I would like to buy
• chciałbym zobaczyć = I would like to see

This works much like English:

• I would like to invite
• I would like to buy

So zaprosić stays in the dictionary/basic form because it follows chciałbym.

Because rodzinę is the direct object of the verb zaprosić.

You are inviting whom?
→ my family

In Polish, the direct object often takes the accusative case.

So:

• moja rodzina = my family (nominative, basic form)
• moją rodzinę = my family (accusative, used as the object)

Both words change:

• moja → moją
• rodzina → rodzinę

This is very normal in Polish.

Compare:

• To jest moja rodzina. = This is my family.
  (subject, nominative)
• Widzę moją rodzinę. = I see my family.
  (object, accusative)

Because adjectives and possessive words in Polish must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, rodzina is:

• singular
• feminine
• in the accusative

So the possessive word must match it:

• nominative feminine singular: moja rodzina
• accusative feminine singular: moją rodzinę

This agreement is one of the most important features of Polish grammar.

Rodzinę is in the accusative case.

It is used because zaprosić takes a direct object:

• zaprosić kogo? co? = to invite whom? what?

So:

• zaprosić rodzinę = to invite the family
• zaprosić przyjaciela = to invite a friend
• zaprosić gości = to invite guests

In this sentence, moją rodzinę answers the question whom would I like to invite?

Na obiad means for lunch or to lunch / over for lunch, depending on context.

Literally:

• na = for / to / onto in many different uses
• obiad = lunch / dinner, depending on culture and context

With verbs like zaprosić (to invite), Polish often uses na + accusative to show what event or meal someone is invited to.

Examples:

• zaprosić na kawę = invite for coffee
• zaprosić na kolację = invite for dinner/supper
• zaprosić na obiad = invite for lunch / dinner

So na obiad is a very natural expression meaning to a meal of lunch/dinner.

This is a very common question, because it does not match English perfectly.

In Polish, obiad usually means the main cooked meal of the day. In many contexts, that is best translated as:

• lunch if eaten earlier in the day
• sometimes dinner if the main meal is later

So the exact English translation depends on context and culture.

Related meal words:

• śniadanie = breakfast
• obiad = main midday/afternoon meal
• kolacja = supper / evening meal

If you are learning Polish, it is best to think of obiad as a specific Polish meal concept rather than trying to force it into exactly one English word every time.

This is about aspect, which is very important in Polish verbs.

• zaprosić = perfective
• zapraszać = imperfective

Here, zaprosić is used because the speaker means one complete action:

• I would like to invite my family...

That invitation is seen as a single, whole act.

By contrast, zapraszać is more like:

• inviting in general
• inviting repeatedly
• being in the process of inviting

Compare:

• Chciałbym zaprosić moją rodzinę na obiad.
  = I’d like to invite my family to lunch.
  (one completed invitation)

• Lubię zapraszać gości na obiad.
  = I like inviting guests to lunch.
  (general/habitual)

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, because case endings show grammatical roles.

The most neutral order here is:

• Chciałbym zaprosić moją rodzinę na obiad.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Moją rodzinę chciałbym zaprosić na obiad.
  This emphasizes my family.
• Na obiad chciałbym zaprosić moją rodzinę.
  This emphasizes for lunch.

Even though these are grammatically possible, the original sentence is the most natural neutral version for most situations.

Yes, it is both polite and natural.

Chciałbym... is a common polite way to express what you want without sounding too direct.

It is softer than a plain statement like:

• Zaproszę moją rodzinę na obiad.
• Chcę zaprosić moją rodzinę na obiad.

Chcę means I want, which can sound more direct.
Chciałbym is closer to:

• I’d like to...
• I would like to...

So this sentence sounds quite natural in polite conversation.

A woman would say:

Chciałabym zaprosić moją rodzinę na obiad.

The only change is:

• male speaker: chciałbym
• female speaker: chciałabym

The rest of the sentence stays the same.

These words can be tricky for English speakers.

A rough guide:

• chciałbym ≈ hchyał-bim
• rodzinę ≈ rod-zi-neh̃

A few pronunciation notes:

• ch in Polish sounds like the h in Bach or Scottish loch, not like English ch in chair
• ci before a vowel often gives a soft ć-like sound
• ł sounds like English w
• y is not the same as English ee
• ę is a nasal vowel; at the end of a word, in normal speech, it is often pronounced somewhat like e with some nasal quality

So:

• chciałbym has several sounds that do not map neatly onto English
• rodzinę ends with ę, which learners often find difficult at first

Yes.

In Polish, rodzina is a singular noun, but it refers to a group: family.

So:

• moja rodzina = my family
• moją rodzinę = my family as the object

Even though it is grammatically singular, it can refer to multiple people, just like English family.

Not in this sentence.

With zaprosić when talking about inviting someone to a meal or event, Polish normally uses na:

• zaprosić na obiad
• zaprosić na kolację
• zaprosić na kawę

Do obiadu would mean something different, more like to/for the lunch in another kind of relationship, and it does not work as the normal expression for inviting someone to a meal.

So the correct and natural phrase here is:

• na obiad

Yes, you can, but the meaning changes slightly.

• moją rodzinę = my family
• rodzinę = a/the family, depending on context

If you say:

• Chciałbym zaprosić rodzinę na obiad,
  it may sound less specific unless the context already makes clear whose family you mean.

If you want to clearly say my family, then moją should stay.