Ten garnitur jest bardziej elegancki niż tamten, ale potrzebuję do niego ciemnego krawata.

Ten means this, and tamten means that.

• ten garnitur = this suit
• tamten = that one / that suit

Both words are demonstratives, and they must match the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here, garnitur is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So we get:

• ten garnitur
• tamten

In the second part of the comparison, Polish often leaves out the repeated noun if it is obvious. So tamten really means tamten garnitur.

Yes, it matters because adjectives, demonstratives, and some pronouns must agree with the noun.

Garnitur is a masculine singular noun, so other words referring to it must also take masculine singular forms:

• ten garnitur
• bardziej elegancki
• tamten

If the noun were feminine, neuter, or plural, those words would look different.

In Polish, there are two common ways to make comparatives:

1. Synthetic comparative: one word changes form
   Example: ładny → ładniejszy

2. Analytical comparative: bardziej + adjective
   Example: bardziej elegancki = more elegant

With elegancki, the normal and natural comparative is bardziej elegancki. Not every adjective commonly uses a short one-word comparative, so bardziej is very useful and very common.

Niż means than.

So:

• bardziej elegancki niż tamten = more elegant than that one

After niż, Polish often keeps the form simple when the meaning is clear. Here tamten stands for the full phrase tamten garnitur.

This is a very common comparison pattern:

• X jest większy niż Y
• X jest lepszy niż Y
• X jest bardziej elegancki niż Y

Because ale means but, and in Polish it normally takes a comma before it when it joins two clauses.

So:

• Ten garnitur jest bardziej elegancki niż tamten, ale...

This is standard Polish punctuation.

Potrzebuję means I need.

It is the 1st person singular present tense of potrzebować = to need.

Conjugation:

• ja potrzebuję = I need
• ty potrzebujesz = you need
• on/ona potrzebuje = he/she needs

So in this sentence:

• potrzebuję = I need

This is a very common learner question.

Do niego can literally mean to him in some contexts, but here it means something more like:

• for it
• to go with it
• for that suit

In this sentence, niego refers back to garnitur.

So:

• potrzebuję do niego ciemnego krawata

means:

• I need a dark tie for it / to go with it

This use of do + genitive is common when talking about something that matches or belongs with something else.

Because once the suit has already been mentioned, Polish often uses a pronoun instead of repeating the noun.

Here:

• niego is the pronoun meaning him/it in the genitive after a preposition
• it refers to garnitur

Also, after many prepositions, Polish uses pronoun forms with n-:

• do niego
• na niego
• od niego

Without a preposition, you often get different forms:

• go
• jego

So do niego is the correct form after do.

Because potrzebować usually takes the genitive case in standard Polish.

So instead of nominative:

• ciemny krawat

you get genitive:

• ciemnego krawata

Both the adjective and the noun change:

• ciemny → ciemnego
• krawat → krawata

This is one of the most important things to remember with potrzebować.

Yes:

• do niego: do requires the genitive, so niego is genitive
• ciemnego krawata: potrzebować also requires the genitive

So both parts are in the genitive, but for different reasons:

1. do causes genitive
2. potrzebować causes genitive

That is why the sentence has several genitive forms in a row.

Usually not in this sentence.

• do niego = for it / to go with it / matching it
• dla niego = for him in the sense of intended for someone

So dla niego would sound like the tie is for a male person, not for the suit.

Because the meaning here is a tie to go with that suit, do niego is the natural choice.

Krawat means tie.

It is a masculine noun, so in the nominative singular it behaves like other masculine nouns:

• ten krawat
• ciemny krawat

In this sentence, though, it appears in the genitive:

• ciemnego krawata

Its gender matters because the adjective must agree with it.

Polish word order is more flexible than English, but some versions sound more natural than others.

The original:

• Ten garnitur jest bardziej elegancki niż tamten, ale potrzebuję do niego ciemnego krawata.

is very natural.

You might also hear:

• ..., ale potrzebuję ciemnego krawata do niego.

That is understandable, but do niego ciemnego krawata sounds very natural in context because it keeps the idea for it closely tied to need.

So the word order can change, but not every version sounds equally natural.

In the present tense, Polish normally uses jest = is in sentences like this.

So:

• Ten garnitur jest bardziej elegancki...

is the standard form.

Polish does sometimes omit forms of to be in very informal or special styles, but not in normal standard sentences like this one. Here jest should stay.

It has two main parts joined by ale:

1. Ten garnitur jest bardziej elegancki niż tamten
   = This suit is more elegant than that one

2. ale potrzebuję do niego ciemnego krawata
   = but I need a dark tie for it

So the pattern is:

• [this suit] + [is more elegant than that one] + but + [I need a dark tie for it]

This is a very useful sentence because it shows:

• demonstratives: ten, tamten
• comparison: bardziej ... niż
• the verb potrzebować
• genitive case
• pronouns after prepositions: do niego