Ten fryzjer jest cierpliwy i zawsze pyta, jaką fryzurę wolę.

Ten is a demonstrative pronoun, so it literally means this.

• ten fryzjer = this barber
• In natural translation, English might use the barber, but Polish often uses ten where English would not always use this so strongly.

Here it helps identify a specific barber: This barber is patient...

Because fryzjer is a masculine noun, the form is ten. Other genders would use different forms, such as ta or to.

Because ten and fryzjer are both in the nominative singular masculine form.

In this sentence, fryzjer is the subject of the sentence:

• Ten fryzjer jest cierpliwy = This barber is patient

Since it is the subject, Polish uses the nominative case:

• ten = masculine nominative singular
• fryzjer = nominative singular

So the forms match grammatically.

Polish often uses the verb być (to be) in the present tense when saying someone is something.

• jest = is
• cierpliwy = patient

So:

• Ten fryzjer jest cierpliwy = This barber is patient

In some informal contexts, Polish can sometimes omit jest, especially in speech or headlines, but in a normal full sentence like this, jest is standard and natural.

The ending -y shows that the adjective agrees with a masculine singular noun.

The noun is fryzjer, which is masculine, so the adjective must match it:

• cierpliwy fryzjer = a patient barber

If the noun were feminine, you would get a different form:

• cierpliwa kobieta = a patient woman

If it were neuter:

• cierpliwe dziecko = a patient child

So the adjective ending changes depending on gender and number.

Pyta is the 3rd person singular present tense of pytać (to ask).

So:

• pytać = to ask
• pyta = he/she/it asks

In this sentence, the subject is ten fryzjer, so:

• Ten fryzjer ... zawsze pyta = This barber ... always asks

The form matches the subject:

• ja pytam = I ask
• ty pytasz = you ask
• on/ona pyta = he/she asks

Zawsze means always. Its position here is very natural in Polish:

• zawsze pyta = always asks

Polish word order is more flexible than English, but this placement sounds neutral and common. The sentence flows naturally as:

• Ten fryzjer jest cierpliwy i zawsze pyta...

You may sometimes see adverbs in other positions, but zawsze pyta is the most straightforward order here.

Both words are in the accusative singular feminine.

That is because they belong to the clause:

• jaką fryzurę wolę = which hairstyle I prefer

The verb woleć (to prefer) takes a direct object, and direct objects are often in the accusative.

So:

• fryzura = nominative
• fryzurę = accusative

And the question word/adjective jaka must agree with fryzura, so it changes too:

• jaka fryzura = which hairstyle
• jaką fryzurę = which hairstyle (as the object)

Because it must match fryzurę in gender, number, and case.

The noun is:

• fryzura = feminine singular

But in the sentence it is the object of wolę, so it takes the accusative:

• fryzurę

The agreeing word changes too:

• nominative: jaka fryzura? = which hairstyle?
• accusative: jaką fryzurę = which hairstyle

So jaką is simply the feminine singular accusative form of jaka.

Wolę comes from woleć, which means to prefer.

So:

• wolę = I prefer
• lubię = I like

The sentence says the barber asks which hairstyle I prefer, not just which hairstyle I like.

Also, wolę is the 1st person singular present form:

• ja wolę = I prefer

That is why it matches the implied subject I in the subordinate clause.

It is not stated explicitly, because in Polish the verb ending already shows the subject.

• wolę means I prefer
• The ending -ę tells you the subject is I (ja)

So Polish often drops subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb form.

You could say:

• jaką fryzurę ja wolę

but that sounds more emphatic, as if stressing I. In a neutral sentence, just wolę is enough.

Because this part is a subordinate clause introduced after pyta.

The structure is:

• zawsze pyta, jaką fryzurę wolę
• literally: always asks, which hairstyle I prefer

In Polish, commas are used more regularly before subordinate clauses than in English. So the comma here is normal and required.

Yes. It is an embedded question or indirect question.

The barber is asking:

• Jaką fryzurę wolisz? = Which hairstyle do you prefer?

But inside the larger sentence, it becomes:

• pyta, jaką fryzurę wolę = asks which hairstyle I prefer

Notice that Polish does not need an extra word like whether here, because jaką already introduces the question.

Yes, Polish word order is fairly flexible, though some versions sound more natural than others.

The original:

• Ten fryzjer jest cierpliwy i zawsze pyta, jaką fryzurę wolę.

This is neutral and natural.

You might also hear variations like:

• Ten fryzjer zawsze pyta, jaką fryzurę wolę, i jest cierpliwy.
• Cierpliwy jest ten fryzjer i zawsze pyta, jaką fryzurę wolę.

But these change the emphasis. For a learner, the original order is the best model to follow.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• fryzurę ≈ fri-ZOO-reh(n)

A few details:

• rz is usually pronounced like the zh sound in measure
• y is a Polish vowel with no exact English equivalent; it is not the same as English ee
• final ę is often pronounced less strongly as a nasal vowel, and in everyday speech it may sound a bit like e with slight nasal coloring

You do not need perfect pronunciation right away, but it helps to know that rz is not pronounced like English r + z.

You can roughly do that, but it may sound unnatural in English.

Word-for-word:

• Ten = this
• fryzjer = barber
• jest = is
• cierpliwy = patient
• i = and
• zawsze = always
• pyta = asks
• jaką fryzurę = which hairstyle
• wolę = I prefer

So the structure is:

• This barber is patient and always asks which hairstyle I prefer.

That works well in English too, but remember that Polish grammar is doing more work through endings, especially in jaką fryzurę and wolę.