Bez prawa jazdy ona nie chce jechać sama autostradą.

Because the preposition bez always takes the genitive case in Polish.

The basic dictionary form is prawo jazdy = driver’s license.
After bez, both parts change into the genitive:

• prawo → prawa
• jazdy is already the correct genitive form here

So:

• prawo jazdy = a driver’s license
• bez prawa jazdy = without a driver’s license

This is a very common pattern:

• bez cukru = without sugar
• bez samochodu = without a car

Literally, prawo jazdy means something like the right to drive or driving right, but in normal Polish it simply means driver’s license or driving licence.

It is a fixed expression, so learners should usually just remember it as one unit:

• mam prawo jazdy = I have a driver’s license
• nie mam prawa jazdy = I do not have a driver’s license

That is true: Polish often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

So a very natural version is also:

Bez prawa jazdy nie chce jechać sama autostradą.

Adding ona gives extra emphasis or contrast, for example:

• She does not want to go alone, even if someone else might
• It can slightly highlight the subject

So ona is not necessary for grammar, but it can be used for emphasis.

Because chcieć = to want, and after it Polish uses an infinitive.

Here:

• chce = she wants
• jechać = to go by vehicle / to ride / to drive

So:

• chce jechać = wants to go
• nie chce jechać = does not want to go

You cannot use a finite verb after chce in this structure. So nie chce jedzie would be wrong.

Jechać means to go / travel by vehicle.

It is used for movement:

• by car
• by bus
• by train
• by bike
• sometimes by any wheeled transport

So it is different from:

• iść = to go on foot
• chodzić = to walk / go regularly on foot
• lecieć = to fly

Because the sentence mentions autostradą = by/on the highway, jechać is the natural choice.

By itself, jechać usually means travel by vehicle, not specifically be the driver.

However, in this sentence, the context bez prawa jazdy strongly suggests driving, because a driver’s license is relevant to driving.

So the sentence naturally feels like:

• she does not want to drive alone on the highway without a license

But strictly speaking, jechać does not itself say who is operating the vehicle.

If you want to make drive explicit, Polish would use prowadzić:

• Nie chce sama prowadzić po autostradzie. = She does not want to drive alone on the highway.

Because sama must agree with the person it refers to.

The subject is ona = she, so the form has to be feminine singular:

• masculine: sam
• feminine: sama
• neuter: samo

Here sama means alone or by herself.

So:

• on jedzie sam = he is going alone
• ona jedzie sama = she is going alone

Here it mainly means alone.

In jechać sama, the idea is that she would be traveling without another person with her.

Compare:

• Ona sama nie chce jechać = She herself does not want to go
  This emphasizes she
• Ona nie chce jechać sama = She does not want to go alone
  This emphasizes being unaccompanied

So placement can slightly affect the nuance.

Because autostradą is the instrumental singular form of autostrada.

With verbs of motion like jechać, Polish often uses the instrumental to show the route or path taken:

• jechać autostradą = to go via the highway / to travel on the highway

So this is not the direct object. It is more like the path of movement.

Forms:

• autostrada = nominative
• autostradą = instrumental
• na autostradzie = on the highway, as a location

So:

• Jedzie autostradą = She is traveling by way of the highway
• Jest na autostradzie = She is on the highway

No. Polish word order is fairly flexible, and changing the order usually changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

This sentence could also appear as:

• Ona nie chce jechać sama autostradą bez prawa jazdy.
• Bez prawa jazdy nie chce sama jechać autostradą.
• Sama ona nie chce jechać autostradą bez prawa jazdy.

The original version begins with Bez prawa jazdy, which puts that condition first and makes it feel important:

• Without a driver’s license, she does not want to go alone on the highway.

Including ona also gives a bit of emphasis to she.

Because Polish has no articles.

English needs words like:

• a
• an
• the

Polish does not use them. So:

• prawo jazdy can mean a driver’s license or the driver’s license
• autostradą can mean on a highway or on the highway

The exact meaning depends on context.

Jechać is imperfective, and after chcieć it is very common to use the imperfective infinitive when speaking generally about wanting or not wanting to do something.

So:

• nie chce jechać = she does not want to go / travel

If you use pojechać, the action sounds more like one completed trip:

• nie chce pojechać = she does not want to go there once / make that trip

Both can be possible in some contexts, but jechać is more neutral here.

Grammatically, it is about her unwillingness, not directly about legality.

The main structure is:

• ona nie chce = she does not want

So the sentence says that she does not want to do it.

If you wanted to express that it is not allowed, Polish would use something like:

• Nie wolno jej jechać bez prawa jazdy. = She is not allowed to drive/go without a license.

So the original sentence is about preference or reluctance, even though the phrase bez prawa jazdy naturally suggests a legal issue too.