Piekarnik jest gorący, więc nie dotykaj go.

Polish has no articles, so there is no separate word for the or a/an.

So piekarnik can mean:

• an oven
• the oven

The context tells you which one is meant. In this sentence, English naturally uses the oven.

Jest is the 3rd person singular present form of być = to be.

So:

• piekarnik = oven
• jest = is
• gorący = hot

In a sentence like Piekarnik jest gorący, Polish normally keeps jest. Unlike in some other sentence types, you do not usually drop it here.

Because the adjective has to agree with the noun it describes.

Piekarnik is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective also has to be masculine singular nominative:

• gorący

Compare:

• piekarnik jest gorący = the oven is hot
• kuchenka jest gorąca = the stove is hot
• okno jest gorące = the window is hot

Więc means so, therefore, or thus.

It connects the two parts of the sentence:

• Piekarnik jest gorący
• więc nie dotykaj go

So the logic is: The oven is hot, so don’t touch it.

The comma is standard Polish punctuation before więc when it links clauses like this.

Dotykać is the infinitive, meaning to touch.

But here the speaker is giving a command, so Polish uses the imperative form:

• dotykaj = touch!
• nie dotykaj = don’t touch!

So:

• dotykać = to touch
• dotykaj = touch! / be touching!
• nie dotykaj = don’t touch!

It is addressed to one person in the informal singular you sense.

So nie dotykaj go means don’t touch it when speaking to one person informally.

Other possibilities:

• nie dotykajcie go = don’t touch it, said to more than one person
• proszę nie dotykać = please do not touch, a common polite/formal version

Go refers back to piekarnik.

English uses it, but Polish pronouns change form depending on grammar. Here go is the short pronoun form used for him/it in certain cases.

So:

• piekarnik = oven
• go = it

In this sentence, go means the oven.

Here go is used because the verb dotykać takes the genitive, not the accusative.

Learners often expect something like an accusative object after touch, because English works that way. But Polish has its own verb patterns, and dotykać is one of the verbs that governs genitive:

• dotykać kogo? czego? = to touch whom? what?

So:

• nie dotykaj go = literally, don’t touch of-it, though in natural English just don’t touch it

This is an important pattern to memorize with the verb:

• dotykać czegoś / kogoś

Yes, you could, but go is more natural here.

Both can refer to the same thing, but:

• go is the usual short, unstressed form
• jego is fuller and can sound more emphatic or contrastive

So:

• nie dotykaj go = the normal, neutral version
• nie dotykaj jego = possible, but it sounds more marked, as if stressing that one

In everyday speech, go is the better choice here.

This is about aspect.

Polish has two related verbs:

• dotykać = imperfective
• dotknąć = perfective

In a warning like this, Polish normally uses nie dotykaj. It is the natural way to say don’t touch it in the sense of keep away from it / do not make contact with it.

A form like nie dotknij would sound unusual here. So even though dotknąć exists, nie dotykaj is the idiomatic warning you would expect.

A rough guide:

• więc ≈ vyents
• gorący ≈ go-RON-tsy

A few useful details:

• ę in więc before c is usually pronounced roughly like en
• ą in gorący before c is usually pronounced roughly like on
• c in Polish is like ts, not English k

So gorący is not go-racy in an English sense; the end sounds more like -tsy.