Breakdown of Po wczorajszym spacerze nad rzeką najbardziej podobał jej się spokojny krajobraz, który, jak się wydaje, poprawił jej nastrój na cały dzień.
Questions & Answers about Po wczorajszym spacerze nad rzeką najbardziej podobał jej się spokojny krajobraz, który, jak się wydaje, poprawił jej nastrój na cały dzień.
The preposition po in the sense of “after” (in time) takes the locative case.
- Nominative: wczorajszy spacer (yesterday’s walk)
- Locative (after po): po wczorajszym spacerze
Changes:
- wczorajszy → wczorajszym (adjective, locative masculine singular)
- spacer → spacerze (noun, locative masculine singular)
So po wczorajszym spacerze literally means “after yesterday’s walk”, with both words correctly in the locative.
In modern Polish, nad (in the sense of “over / by / on the bank of”) normally takes the instrumental case.
- Nominative: rzeka (river)
- Instrumental: rzeką
So nad rzeką = “by the river / on the riverbank”.
Historically there is also nad + accusative for direction, but in contemporary standard Polish, you almost always use nad + instrumental for both location and movement:
- Spacerowaliśmy nad rzeką. – We walked by the river.
- Pojechaliśmy nad morze. – is a special fixed phrase with accusative morze, but generally: nad
- instrumental is the default for “by/over”.
All of these versions are grammatically correct; the differences are about emphasis and style, not grammar.
Najbardziej podobał jej się spokojny krajobraz.
– Neutral, natural sentence; focus slightly on what she liked most (the calm landscape).Najbardziej jej się podobał spokojny krajobraz.
– Also fine; putting jej się directly after najbardziej makes the “to her” part slightly more prominent.Spokojny krajobraz najbardziej jej się podobał.
– Here the topic spokojny krajobraz comes first, and then you comment on it: it was what she liked best. This is a bit more contrastive: compared to other things, the calm landscape was the one she liked most.
Polish word order is quite flexible. The clitics się and jej normally stay near the verb, but there is still room to move other elements for emphasis.
The verb agrees with the subject, not with the person who likes something.
The structure of podobać się is:
- co? (what?) – subject in nominative
- komu? (to whom?) – indirect object in dative
In the sentence:
- Subject: spokojny krajobraz (masculine singular)
- Indirect object: jej (to her)
So the past tense must be podobał, masculine singular, because it refers to krajobraz:
- Spokojny krajobraz podobał jej się.
The calm landscape appealed to her / She liked the calm landscape.
If the subject were feminine plural, the verb would change accordingly:
- Te góry podobały jej się. – She liked these mountains.
Jej here is the dative form of ona (she), meaning “to her”.
- jej (dative) answers komu? – to whom?
- ją (accusative) answers kogo? – whom? (direct object)
The verb podobać się always uses dative for the person who experiences the liking:
- Coś podoba się komuś. – Something is pleasing to someone.
So:
- Spokojny krajobraz podobał jej się. – The calm landscape appealed to her.
- You cannot say podobał ją się – that would be ungrammatical.
Się is a reflexive particle, and podobać się is a reflexive verb.
Literally, podobać się is something like “to please oneself (to someone)”, but in natural English it corresponds to “to be liked” / “to appeal”:
- Ten film bardzo mi się podoba. – I really like this film.
- Spokojny krajobraz podobał jej się. – She liked the calm landscape.
You almost always use podobać together with się; the non‑reflexive podobać by itself is very rare and sounds archaic or poetic.
Który is a relative pronoun, like “which / that” in English. Here it introduces a relative clause that gives more information about spokojny krajobraz.
It must agree in:
- gender and number with its antecedent,
- case with its grammatical role in the relative clause.
Antecedent: spokojny krajobraz – masculine singular.
In the clause który […] poprawił jej nastrój, który is the subject (kto? co?), so it is in the nominative:
- krajobraz (masc, sg) → który (masc, sg, nominative)
You could not replace który with co here in standard written Polish. Co as a relative pronoun is used mainly after pronouns like wszystko, coś, nic, to etc. (to, co…).
Jak się wydaje is a parenthetical expression (a kind of aside) meaning “as it seems / apparently”. It doesn’t change the core grammar of the sentence; it comments on it.
Without it:
- …spokojny krajobraz, który poprawił jej nastrój na cały dzień.
With the parenthetical:
- …spokojny krajobraz, który, jak się wydaje, poprawił jej nastrój na cały dzień.
In Polish, such parenthetical phrases are normally separated by commas on both sides, just like:
- …który, jak sądzę, poprawił jej nastrój…
- …który, moim zdaniem, poprawił jej nastrój…
In the phrase jak się wydaje, the present tense wydaje is used in a timeless, commentary sense: as it seems (to us now / in general).
So even though the events are in the past, the speaker is commenting now:
- …krajobraz, który, jak się wydaje, poprawił jej nastrój…
→ “…the landscape which, it seems (now), improved her mood…”
If you said jak się wydawało, that would sound more like:
- which, as it seemed (at that time), improved her mood – focusing on how it seemed back then.
Both are possible, but jak się wydaje is a very common, neutral parenthetical formula.
Poprawił is the past tense, masculine singular, perfective form of poprawić.
Perfective verbs in Polish present a completed, one‑time effect.
Using poprawił suggests that the mood was improved as a finished result of the experience:
- …krajobraz, który… poprawił jej nastrój na cały dzień.
– “…the landscape, which… improved her mood for the whole day.” (result: mood ended up better)
Poprawiał would be imperfective (from poprawiać) and would sound more like an ongoing process:
- …który poprawiał jej nastrój… – “which was improving her mood / used to improve her mood.”
In this context, the focus is on the result (her mood ended up better and stayed so), so poprawił is the natural choice.
The normal possessive pronoun for “her” in standard Polish is jej, and it is invariable (it doesn’t change form).
The most natural and neutral word order is:
- jej nastrój – her mood
You can sometimes see nastrój jej, but that is:
- stylistically marked (more poetic/literary, or for contrast),
- much less common in everyday speech.
Forms like jejny are dialectal/colloquial and are not standard.
So here jej nastrój is exactly what you expect in standard written Polish.
Na cały dzień literally means “for the whole day”, expressing duration.
- na
- accusative is used in Polish to talk about intended or actual length of time:
- na godzinę – for an hour
- na tydzień – for a week
- na całe życie – for a whole life
- accusative is used in Polish to talk about intended or actual length of time:
Here:
- cały – accusative masculine singular (cały dzień)
- dzień – accusative masculine singular (same form as nominative)
So poprawił jej nastrój na cały dzień = “improved her mood for the whole day”.
Wczorajszy is an adjective derived from wczoraj (yesterday), meaning “yesterday’s”.
Base adjective:
- wczorajszy – nominative masculine singular
In po wczorajszym spacerze, the adjective must agree with spacer in:
- gender: masculine
- number: singular
- case: locative (because of po)
The locative masculine singular ending for adjectives is -ym:
- nowy → w nowym sklepie
- długi → o długim filmie
- wczorajszy → po wczorajszym spacerze
So wczorajszym is just wczorajszy declined to match spacerze in the locative.
Yes, you can say:
- Po wczorajszym spacerze nad rzeką najbardziej spodobał jej się spokojny krajobraz.
The difference:
- podobał się – imperfective, more stative: was pleasing to her / she liked it (over some time).
- spodobał się – perfective: came to be liked, emphasizes the moment she started liking it.
Nuance:
- podobał jej się spokojny krajobraz – The calm landscape (generally) appealed to her during/after the walk.
- spodobał jej się spokojny krajobraz – At some point during the walk, she came to like the calm landscape.
In the given context, both are grammatically and stylistically acceptable; the original with podobał się slightly emphasizes the state of liking, while spodobał się would highlight the moment this feeling appeared.