I hverdagen prøver jeg å være tålmodig, selv om tiden er knapp.

Norwegian often uses the definite form for general situations/contexts, where English would use in everyday life without an article.

• hverdag = a weekday / an everyday (indefinite)
• hverdagen = the everyday / everyday life (definite, used generically here)
  So I hverdagen is a natural way to mean in everyday life / in daily life.

Because Norwegian is a V2 (verb-second) language in main clauses: the finite verb takes the second position. When you start with an adverbial like I hverdagen, the verb still must be second, so the subject moves after the verb:

• Jeg prøver å være tålmodig.
• I hverdagen prøver jeg å være tålmodig.

å is the Norwegian infinitive marker, like English to:

• å være = to be
  After verbs like prøve, Norwegian typically uses å + infinitive: prøve å gjøre noe = try to do something.

After å være, you use an adjective as a predicative adjective (describing the subject). tålmodig is the base form and doesn’t take an ending here because the subject jeg is singular and there’s no neuter agreement needed:

• Jeg er tålmodig. = I am patient.
  (Compare: Det er tålmodig would be unnatural because det isn’t a person here; with real neuter agreement you’ll see -t in other adjectives, e.g. Det er kaldt.)

selv om means even though / although and introduces a subordinate clause. In Norwegian subordinate clauses, the normal pattern is that the subject comes before the verb (no V2 inversion):

• ... selv om tiden er knapp (subject tiden
  • verb er)
    So you don’t say selv om er tiden knapp.

Norwegian normally uses a comma before a subordinate clause introduced by conjunctions like selv om, fordi, at, etc., especially when it’s added after the main clause:

• Main clause: I hverdagen prøver jeg å være tålmodig
• Subordinate clause: selv om tiden er knapp
  Comma separates them.

Just like hverdagen, tiden is the definite form and is often used generically to mean the time (available) in a situation:

• tid = time (in general, as a concept)
• tiden = the time (we have / the time in the situation)
  Here it suggests the time (available) is short.

tid is a common-gender noun (en-ord): en tid → tiden. Predicative adjectives agree with gender/number:

• Common gender singular: knapp
• Neuter singular: knapt (e.g. et budsjett → Budsjettet er knapt)
• Plural: knappe (e.g. Ressursene er knappe)
  So tiden er knapp is correct.

They’re very close:

• I hverdagen = in everyday life / in day-to-day life (a bit more explicit)
• til daglig = in everyday life / normally / on a daily basis (very common and compact)
  Both are natural; til daglig prøver jeg... is a frequent, idiomatic option.

That’s possible, but then you get V2 inversion in the main clause after the subordinate clause:

• Selv om tiden er knapp, prøver jeg å være tålmodig i hverdagen.
  Notice: after the initial subordinate clause, the main clause starts with prøver jeg (verb second), not jeg prøver.

Common tricky bits for English speakers:

• å in prøver jeg å være: å is a long-ish vowel (often like aw/oh depending on accent).
• tålmodig: stress on the first part (TÅL-). The -ig ending is often pronounced like a reduced -i sound in many dialects (varies).
• hverdagen: the hv is usually pronounced like v in modern Norwegian (so roughly verdagen).