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Øvelsen avsluttes med en liten overraskelse fra treneren.

Øvelsen avsluttes med en liten overraskelse fra treneren.
The exercise ends with a small surprise from the coach.
FromLesson 21inHardcore Norwegian

Breakdown of Øvelsen avsluttes med en liten overraskelse fra treneren.

en
a
liten
small
med
with
fra
from
øvelsen
the exercise
overraskelsen
the surprise
avslutte
to end
treneren
the coach

Questions & Answers about Øvelsen avsluttes med en liten overraskelse fra treneren.

What does the suffix -en in Øvelsen signify?

It’s the definite singular ending for a common-gender noun.
øvelse (an exercise) → øvelsen (the exercise).

What form is avsluttes, and how is it formed?

It’s the present-tense passive of avslutte (to conclude). In Norwegian you can form the passive morphologically by adding -s or -es to the infinitive:
avslutte → avsluttes.

Could I use a periphrastic passive instead of the - s passive here?

Yes. You could say:
Øvelsen blir avsluttet med en liten overraskelse fra treneren
(“The exercise is being concluded with a small surprise from the coach.”)
Or use er avsluttet for “is concluded” as a state.

Why is the coach introduced by fra in fra treneren instead of av?
Here fra treneren (“from the coach”) marks the origin of the surprise. av marks the agent in a passive clause (e.g. Øvelsen avsluttes av treneren), but that phrasing doesn’t express “ends with a surprise.”
Why is med used in avsluttes med en liten overraskelse?
med means “with,” indicating what accompanies the ending. It’s like saying “The exercise ends with a small surprise.”
Why is the adjective liten not lite here?
overraskelse is a common-gender (en-word) noun. The indefinite form takes the strong adjective liten (no –t). If it were a neuter noun (et-word), you’d use lite.
Can this sentence be turned into active voice?

Yes. You can say:
Treneren avslutter øvelsen med en liten overraskelse.
(“The coach concludes the exercise with a small surprise.”)

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