Deinde ova in sartagine coquuntur, et mater sartaginem calidam e foco tollit.

Because coquuntur is passive, not active.

• coquunt = they cook
• coquuntur = they are cooked

So ova in sartagine coquuntur means the eggs are cooked in the frying pan, not the eggs cook the frying pan.

The ending -ntur is a very common sign of the 3rd person plural passive in Latin.

Ova is the plural of ovum (egg).

• ovum = egg
• ova = eggs

It is a neuter noun, and neuter nouns of this type often have:

• singular nominative/accusative in -um
• plural nominative/accusative in -a

So ova here means eggs, not egg.

Because in can take either the ablative or the accusative, depending on the meaning.

• in + ablative = in/on a place, showing location
• in + accusative = into/onto a place, showing motion toward

Here the eggs are being cooked in the frying pan, so this is location, not movement. That is why Latin uses:

• in sartagine = in the frying pan

If someone were putting something into the pan, you might expect in sartaginem.

Sartagine is ablative singular.

It is used because:

• it follows in
• in here means in in the sense of location
• location with in takes the ablative

So in sartagine literally means in the frying pan.

Because the noun has a different job in each clause.

In the first clause:

• in sartagine
• the pan is the object of the preposition in
• so it is ablative

In the second clause:

• mater sartaginem calidam e foco tollit
• the mother lifts/removes the frying pan
• so sartaginem is the direct object
• that makes it accusative singular

So the different endings show different grammatical functions.

Because calidam must agree with sartaginem.

Latin adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here:

• sartaginem is feminine singular accusative
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular accusative
• therefore: calidam

So sartaginem calidam means the hot frying pan.

The subject is mater.

• mater = mother
• tollit = she lifts / removes

Since mater is nominative singular, it is the subject of the verb.

So in mater sartaginem calidam e foco tollit, the mother is doing the action.

Tollit basically means lifts, takes up, or removes.

In this sentence, because it is followed by e foco (from the stove/hearth/fire), the sense is:

• she removes the hot frying pan from the stove/fire

So tollit is not just physical lifting in a vague sense; here it clearly means takes it off.

Because Latin uses the preposition e/ex to mean out of or from.

• e foco = from the stove/hearth/fire

The choice between e and ex often depends on sound:

• e before many consonants
• ex often before vowels or sometimes for euphony

Here e foco is the normal form.

Also, foco is ablative singular, because e/ex takes the ablative.

Foco is ablative singular.

That is because it follows e:

• e + ablative = from

So:

• focus = hearth, fireplace, stove
• e foco = from the hearth/stove

Latin word order is much freer than English word order.

English usually needs a fixed order like:

• The eggs are cooked in the frying pan

Latin can move words around more easily because the endings show their grammatical roles.

So ova in sartagine coquuntur is perfectly normal Latin. The verb often comes near the end, though not always.

Deinde is just an adverb meaning then or next.

It helps show the sequence of actions:

1. Then the eggs are cooked in the frying pan,
2. and the mother removes the hot frying pan from the stove.

It does not change the case of any noun or the form of any verb. It simply adds a time/sequence idea.

Et means and.

It joins the two parts of the sentence:

• ova in sartagine coquuntur
• mater sartaginem calidam e foco tollit

So it links two actions in sequence:

• the eggs are cooked,
• and the mother removes the hot pan.

Yes. Coquuntur is present tense, 3rd person plural, passive.

So it means:

• they are being cooked
• or more simply in English, they are cooked

Latin present passive often corresponds to normal English present passive.

Because Latin often puts the whole idea into one verb form.

In English:

• are cooked = two words

In Latin:

• coquuntur = one word

That one word already includes:

• the basic meaning cook
• the present tense
• the fact that it is passive
• the fact that the subject is they

So Latin verbs often contain more information than English verbs do.